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Indiana University Studies 
only slightly reduced in larger-winged individuals ; the mesonotum 
largely smooth and shining, entirely naked in smaller specimens, scat- 
teringly punctate and hairy in larger specimens; anterior parallel and 
lateral lines barely indicated (in larger specimens) or entirely lacking 
(in smaller specimens) ; median groove always lacking; scutellum mod- 
erately rugose, more or less reduced, most so in the smallest specimens 
where it is hardly longer than wide and without a median ridge; the 
scutellum distinctly elongate in larger specimens and with a fine median 
ridge anteriorly; the scutellum depressed anteriorly; in all cases with 
a definite ridge separating the scutellum from the rest of the mesono- 
tum; the abdomen swollen and not produced dorsally (in smaller speci- 
mens) or nearly normal in size and distinctly produced dorsally (in 
larger specimens) ; in the latter case the second segment covers two- 
thirds or more of the whole abdomen ; wings reduced, of strikingly 
variable length, measuring from 0.27 to 0.54 of the body length, the 
smallest wings rounded at the tip, with only the basal portion of the 
subcosta, the second abscissa of the radius, and the basalis distinct; the 
larger wings abruptly truncate and bifurcate apical! y, with practically 
a complete altho contracted venation in which the areolet is closed; 
insects of highly variable size, from 2.2 to 3.3 mm. in length. Figures 
338-339, 357-360, 390. 
GALL. — Typical for the species; quite small; rounded or flattened 
basally; occurring singly on the leaves of Quercus stellata and Q. flori- 
dana (inch Q. Margaretta'l) . Figures 294-295. 
RANGE. — Georgia: Fender ( Q . fioridana, Kinsey coll.). 
Mississippi: Picayune (Q. stellata-, types, Mrs. W. E. Smith coll.). 
Possibly restricted to some area (as yet unrecognized) lying just 
back of the more eastern Gulf Coast; or possibly still scattered in the 
range of the apparently parental form, anceps . Figures 51. 
TYPES. — 11 females and 36 galls in the Kinsey collection. Labelled 
Picayune, Mississippi ; galls October 22, 1927 ; insects February 6, 1928 ; 
Q. stellata ; Mrs. W. E. Smith collector. 
The type galls were collected in October and gave adults 
on February 6 (1928). Five insects from Fender, Georgia, 
were bred on March 26 (1928). The small, sub-apterous, 
bright rufous insects run about as actively and emit as strong 
an ant (formic acid) odor as any of the other short-winged 
Cynipidae, many of which possess those same peculiar charac- 
teristics. 
From a phylogenetic standpoint, this is one of the most 
interesting insects in the genus Cynips. While the wing-body 
ratio is a remarkably constant character among most Cyni- 
pidae, even among short-winged forms, the wings of bifurca 
vary from 0.27 to 0.54 of the body length. Within this range 
of variation, the insect provides remarkable evidence of the 
relations between the short-winged mellea and the long-winged 
