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Indiana University Studies 
of normal size or enlarged, largely naked (long- winged forms) or 
largely hairy (short-winged forms); wings long, with a complete vena- 
tion — or reduced and with a modified venation; if the wings are long, 
the first abscissa of the radius has a prominent infuscation, the areolet 
is present with its bounding veins more or less infuscated, the tip of 
the second abscissa of the radius is very large and triangulate, and there 
are two large, smoky brown patches side by side in the apical half of 
the cubital cell; length 2.3 to 4.0 mm. 
GALL.— A moderate-sized, spherical, bristly gall or a spiny gall 
resembling a sea urchin. Up to 14.0 mm., averaging nearer 7.0 mm. in 
diameter. The body of the gall strictly spherical except where flattened 
FIG. 59. VARIETIES OF CYNIPS VILLOSA 
Illustrating geographic isolation of related insects. 
a bit basally; entirely, closely covered with long, stiff, stout spines 2.5 
mm. long, the tips of these spines pointed, drawn out, sometimes form- 
ing slender, irregular, bristle- or hair-like projections, the bases abruptly 
swollen, ovoid, up to 0.5 film, in diameter, the sides of the bases flattened 
by contact with the adjacent spines; the spines brittle, in two varieties 
easily detached, soon worn off of old galls, exposing dense rosettes of 
short, crystalline hairs which encircle the base of each spine; the sur- 
face of the gall crystalline, minutely roughened; the gall appearing 
white with a bright rose tinge when young, becoming rich reddish buff 
to brown with age. The shell of the mature gall up to 0.8 mm. thick, 
compact-crystalline; all of the rest of the interior empty, without a 
distinct larval cell. Attached to the mid-veins, on the under surfaces 
of leaves of the Rocky Mountain white oaks, Quercus macrocarpa, and 
the southwestern evergreen white oaks. 
