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Indiana University Studies 
agamic forms may be expected in June (June 8, 1927, in 
southeastern Kansas). Emergence is recorded for November, 
December, and January. Oviposition has not been observed, 
but the bisexual insect, Cynips gemmula Bassett, is here iden- 
tified with prinoides on purely taxonomic evidence (for which 
see the discussion under form gemmula) . This bisexual insect 
and its bud galls are close to the bisexual form of C. pezoma- 
choides variety erinacei, but the bisexual gemmula may be 
known by its more shining mesonotum and continuous parap- 
sidal grooves and by its host. 
The insects of our present species show so many points of 
relation to the insects of pezomachoides that I have debated 
the propriety of considering them varieties of one species. 
But in pezomachoides the abdomen is much compressed, in 
gemmula it is usually swollen cylindric, and the wing stubs are 
longer and narrower in gemmula. The agamic galls of the 
present species resemble galls of the more eastern varieties of 
Cynips villosa more closely than galls of pezomachoides. The 
present species is, as far as known, confined to chestnut oaks, 
from which hosts pezomachoides is strictly excluded. 
Gemmula is known from four varieties, differing chiefly in 
color and size. Variety gemmula , of the northeastern quarter 
of the country, seems to be of hybrid origin with the Ozark 
fuscata and the northern suspecta as the parents. Variety 
cruenta is a very distinct insect of Georgia and the adjacent 
southeast, ranging as far north as the southern tip of Illinois. 
Cynips gemmula variety cruenta, new variety 
agamic form 
Figures 60, 310, 371, 411 
FEMALE. — Head largely bright, rich rufous, the entire thorax in- 
cluding the pronotum, mesonotum, and mesopleuron, and the legs brown- 
ish rufous; the abdomen rufous to rufo-piceous, more distinctly rufous 
over much of the basal half; the abdomen more compressed than in other 
varieties of gemmula, tho still not as compressed as in pezomachoides; 
large insects, 3.5 to 4.5 mm., averaging nearer 4.0 mm. in length. Figures 
371, 411. 
GALL. — Up to 18.0 mm. ’ in diameter, either monothalamous or 
(often) with two or (occasionally) three cells; the gall always spherical; 
on Quercus Michauxii and the southeastern variety of Q. Prinus. Figure 
310. 
