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Indiana University Studies 
New York: Oriskany Falls (galls, J. A. Douglass acc. Felt 1912). 
Vicinity of New York City (acc. Beutenmiiller 1904). Staten Island 
(acc. Weld 1928). 
New Jersey: Lakehurst (Beutenmiiller and W. T. Davis in Kinsey 
coll.). Toms River (Beutenmiiller, types). Richland (Kinsey coll.). 
Virginia: Cape Charles (Kinsey coll.). 
Ohio: Cincinnati (gall, Braun in Amer. Mus.). 
Indiana: Bloomington (C. M. Kinsey coll.). Benham (G. F. Hyatt 
in Kinsey coll.). Aurora (Kinsey coll.). 
Kentucky: Lebanon (Kinsey coll.). 
Tennessee: Tazewell (gall, Kinsey coll.). 
Missouri: Ranken (Kinsey coll.). 
Occurring in the northeastern United States from Massachusetts to 
southern Indiana and Missouri, south in the mountains to Kentucky and 
Tennessee, confined to areas in which chestnut oaks are found. Figure 
62. 
TYPES. — One female, several galls in the American Museum of 
Natural History. From Toms River, New Jersey; galls August and 
September; Q. prinoides; Beutenmiiller collector. 
The variety originally described from one female cut from a gall; 
additional insect material in the American Museum and other collections 
cannot be considered types. 
The present re-descriptions are made from the holotype compared 
with our material from the Coastal Plain and amplified by our Middle- 
Western material. 
This is the common variety of the species over the north- 
eastern quarter of the United States. I find no appreciable 
difference between the northern Coastal Plain material on 
Q. prinoides (the source of the type) and our Middle-Western 
series of the insect on Q. Michauxii and Q. Muhlenbergii. In 
this failure to differentiate a Coastal Plain variety gemmula is 
matched by Cynips fulvicollis . 
In common with all the other Cynips of this part of the 
country, gemmula shows an extreme degree of individual vari- 
ation that may indicate a hybrid origin of the variety, possibly 
dating from the Pleistocene glaciation which projected north- 
ern varieties into the ranges of southern varieties and which 
ultimately, upon the glacial retreat, left a great territory 
where the hybrid individuals developed into hybrid popula- 
tions deserving taxonomic recognition (see pp. 55 to 60) . The 
Ozark variety fuscata would appear to be the southern parent 
of gemmula, for gemmula intergrades into fuscata in southern 
Indiana (and probably elsewhere). Unlike the other species 
of Cynips involved in this area, the northern parent of gem- 
