Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
367 
mula is not known from any pure population in the north, pos- 
sibly because most of the chestnut oaks, which are the hosts 
of our insect, do not range as far north as other white oaks. 
If they did extend further north in the former day, there may 
have been a northern parent of gemmula which does not now 
survive. Nevertheless, in the line series of gemmula which 
we have from Bloomington, in southern Indiana, there are a 
few individuals that are much smaller and darker, with 
smoother and more naked body surfaces. Since these are the 
very characters which distinguish the most northern varieties 
of Cynips pezomachoides , C. fulvicollis, C. hirta, C. folii, C. 
divisa , and C. longiventris, it is possible that these small in- 
sects of gemmula are Mendelian segregates from the hybrid 
stock, and that these represent the northern parent of gem- 
mula. It is, on the other hand, possible that these small indi- 
viduals represent local mutants. We have described them as 
variety suspecta. Out of the 606 insects we have bred from 
Bloomington material, we find 23 (= 3.8%) have this small 
and dark form, 22 (=3.6%) seem characteristic fuscata , and 
the remaining 92.6% are the variable hybrid series which is 
gemmula. 
The galls of the agamic gemmula are to be found late in 
August (acc. Beutenmuller) but they probably appear much 
earlier than this — perhaps late in June as with other species 
of Cynips . The galls were of full size at Lakehurst, New 
Jersey, on September 14 (1904, W. T. Davis in Kinsey coll.), 
and at Bloomington, Indiana, early in September (1928). The 
insects had not yet emerged from the galls I collected at Rich- 
land, New Jersey, on October 13, at Cape Charles, Virginia, 
on October 17 (both in 1919), and at Ranken, Missouri, on 
October 29 (in 1926). Material in the American Museum 
records unemerged adults in the galls on an October 26. Our 
emergence dates for this insect are December 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 
16, 18, and 21. 
Cynips gemmula variety gemmula 
bisexual form gemmula Bassett 
Figures 62, 305, 306, 335, 342, 343, 345, 405 
Cynips gemula Bassett, 1881, Canad. Ent. 13: 104. Packard, 1881, U.S. 
Ent. Comm. Bull. 7: 57. Cresson, 1923, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 48: 
199. 
