Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
371 
material) ; the antennae brown, yellow basally, the legs yellow except 
on the hind coxae which are brownish basally; the entire mesonotum 
mostly smooth and naked but not shining; mesonotum in no place coria- 
ceous or rugose; the parapsidal grooves extending two-thirds of the 
way to the pronotum but distinctly discontinuous anteriorly; the an- 
terior parallel and lateral lines and median groove absent; the scutellum 
finely rugose and finely hairy posteriorly, smoother and naked anteriorly, 
with a shallow and narrow foveal groove; the ridge between the scutel- 
lum and the rest of the mesonotum fine and not always definite; the 
mesopleuron smooth and naked, not shining; wings normal in length, 
the areolet rather large; all of the cells of the wings clear; length 1.7 
to 2.2 mm. 
MALE. — Differing from the bisexual female as described for the 
genus. The antennae entirely brown, with 15 segments; the ridge sep- 
arating the scutellum from the rest of the mesonotum usually discon- 
tinuous. 
GALL OF AGAMIC FORMS. — Small to moderately large, spherical 
to ellipsoid, naked and faceted to spiny. Monothalamous or agglomerate 
or polythalamous with 2 to 8 cells. More nearly spherical galls usually 
smaller, occasionally larger, up to 7.5 mm. in diameter; these galls 
usually with one or at the most two cells. The polythalamous galls 
more ellipsoid, occasionally showing lines of fusion of two or more 
smaller galls; up to 20.0 mm. in length. The surfaces of the galls closely 
set with broad, polyhedral bodies, giving a faceted appearance, these 
without spiny tips or with short, spiny tips, or with long and flexuous 
tips, the galls in consequence varying from entirely naked to roughly 
faceted to densely spiny. Young galls light green and rose-tinged, 
the spines (if present) often brilliant purplish red; the older galls be- 
coming straw yellow to brown and darker, the spines (if present) be- 
coming dark purple. Internally compact crystalline; the walls thick, 
flexible when moist, very hard when dry; the larval cavity without a 
distinctive cell wall, the cavity central if single, the cavities side by 
side if there are two, the alignment somewhat irregular if there are 
more than two. Attached to the midveins or lateral veins or on the 
petioles; on either the upper or under sides of the leaves of the true 
white oaks (known from Quercus alba, Q. bicolor, and Q. Gambelii ) . 
GALL OF BISEXUAL FORM.— Small, thin-walled, elongate egg- 
shaped or more compressed. Monothalamous, each gall about 2.0 to 
3.0 mm. long, all but microscopically smooth, whitish, becoming brown- 
ish yellow. Thin-walled, brittle when dry, without a distinct larval 
cell. Singly, or occasionally with two or three cells fused together; in 
the buds, attached at the bases of the scales or on the apical portions 
of the leaf and flower buds; sometimes surrounded by a few, thread- 
like, aborted leaves; on the same oaks as the corresponding bisexual 
forms. 
RANGE.— Known to extend from Maine, Ontario, and Wisconsin 
to Florida, Oklahoma, and Utah. Figures 63-69. 
