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Indiana University Studies 
disclose the large amount of ivheeleri blood involved; and in 
the Cumberlands, where the ivheeleri influence seems greater, 
the galls are so finely spined that they still might pass super- 
ficial examination as pezomachoides. The wheeleri x derivatus 
cross, on the other hand, giving rise to the variety erinacei, 
produces a typically multiple factor series of hybrids ranging 
from naked to spiny galls with every intermediate between. 
It would be significant to know more of the genetics of these 
interesting insects. 
Thompson’s record (1915) for pezomachoides on Q. bicolor 
applies to some other variety or species of Cynips, if the record 
is not an error. 
Beutenmuller records the gall of pezomachoides as fully 
developed in June and July (in New Jersey?). Osten Sacken 
found the larvae very small in the galls of the type collection 
(from Maryland) on June 23. In material from Washington, 
D.C., Weld found pupae on September 19 and adults on Oc- 
tober 20. I have had New England insects emerge on October 
31 and November 20, 24, and 25, and December 1 and 16 ; and 
insects from more southern localities on November 1, 20, 24, 
and 25, and December 1, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 20, 22, and 
23, and January 2. Specimens in the U.S. National Museum 
from Rock Creek, D.C., emerged December 25 (in 1908). 
January 7 is the record for the emergence of one of the Osten 
Sacken types (with two other adults alive in the galls at that 
date) . Thus, insects may be expected from late in November, 
especially further north, to early in January, especially further 
south, with most of the emergence in December. 
Bassett (1870) notes that these adult insects have a peculiar, 
acid odor characteristic of many subapterous Cynipidae. 
In 1859 Fitch described as Cynips quercus pisum a long- 
winged insect from a naked gall of the present species. Osten 
Sacken (1861? and 1865) and Walsh (1864) first suggested 
that the insect was an inquiline, and in this they were 
obviously correct. The name pisum therefore applies to the 
guest insect, while the gall, in accord with usage, should take 
the name of the true gall maker. Whether Fitch had galls of 
the Coastal Plain variety pezomachoides or the more inland 
variety erinacei will never be known, since both may be ex- 
pected at Albany, and galls alone will not separate the two. 
The point being insoluble and unimportant, I have retained the 
