Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
407 
changed to a yellowish brown color, and soon becomes quite 
dry and brittle. 
“Galls also develop on the apical portion of the leaf and 
flower buds . . . The terminal galls are of the same size as 
those on the scales, varying in number from one to four, and 
when mature are reddish brown . . . males and females 
similar in size and character emerge from the two galls. . . . 
The difference in color in the galls is due to the normal dif- 
ference of the tissue of which they are formed. 
“Shoots were brought into the laboratory, placed in water 
and covered with bell jars. Here about noon on the twenty- 
first of May the first male and female emerged. They were 
quite vigorous, and about four-thirty in the afternoon the fe- 
male was noticed actively moving along the midrib of the 
young leaf. Suddenly she stopped, and set up a rapid nodding 
motion which lasted thirty-five seconds, during which the ovi- 
positor was thrust into the tissue. The insect remained mo- 
tionless for a time, then withdrew the ovipositor, filling the 
passage with a yellow substance which, as in the agamic form, 
is probably a secretion poured forth by the accessory glands 
of the reproductive system. The process was repeated four 
times in succession without moving the body forward. Each 
time the ovipositor was inserted the body was curved slightly 
more than at the preceding puncture. The entire time oc- 
cupied by the four ovipositions was from four-thirty-four to 
four-fifty, or sixteen minutes, thus allowing four minutes to 
each oviposition of which a little over two minutes and a half 
was occupied by the passage of the egg. Many other observa- 
tions were made, and the time in all instances corresponded to 
the first recorded. 
“While the first observations of oviposition were made with- 
out having seen copulation occur, in all the following instances 
it was observed. The male strikes the female several times 
with the antennae after which the latter rests quiet. The male 
then clasps her thorax latero-caudad of the second pair of 
wings with the second pair of legs, while the first pair rest on 
the dorso cephalic portion of the thorax, and the third pair 
extend slightly latero-cephalad of the abdomen; copulation 
takes place, lasting for a few minutes. 
“The egg of the sexual form ... is oval, 160^. x450^. 
provided with a pedicel 750 in length, which is shorter 
