412 
Indiana University Studies 
Georgia during the Pleistocene. One thus finds a more north- 
ern influence in the cynipid fauna of most of Tennessee than 
is to be found, for instance, in the southern third of Indiana. 
The insects of advena have emerged in our cages on No- 
vember 22, 24, 25, and 26 ; December 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 
16, 21, 22, 23, and 24; and January 4 (1927 to 1929), with 
most of the emergence nearer the middle of December. 
Cynips pezomaehoides variety echinoides, new name 
agamic form 
Figures 67, 378, 422 
Acraspis echini Ashmead, 1887, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 14: 128, 140. 
Cresson, 1887, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 14: suppl. 310. Ashmead 
in Packard, 1890, 5th Rpt. U.S. Ent. Comm.: 109. Dalla Torre, 
1893, Cat. Hymen. 2: 64. Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1902, Gen. Ins. 
Hymen. Cynip. : 58. Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1910, Das Tierreich 
24: 412, 812, 827. Thompson, 1915, Amer. Ins. Galls: 15, 35. Weld, 
1922, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 61 (18) : 10, 14. 
Philonix echini Beutenmuller, 1909, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 26: 248 
(and pi. 43 fig. 5?). Felt, 1918, N.Y. Mus. Bull. 200:94 (and fig. 
89 (5) ?). 
[NOT Cynips quercus echinus Osten Sacken, 1870, Trans. Amer. Ent. 
Soc. 3: 56.] 
FEMALE. — The entire head, the entire thorax, and the abdomen 
bright, rich rufous, slightly darker in only a few places; the antennae 
bright rufous basally, darker to dark brown terminally; the mesonotum 
entirely punctate; the wings averaging about 0.19 of the body in length; 
large insects 3.2 to 4.6 mm. in length. Figures 378, 422. 
GALL. — Known only from the spiny form; on leaves of Quercus 
bicolor. 
RANGE. — Florida: Jacksonville (Ashmead; types). 
Not certainly identified from other localities and the data insuffi- 
cient to predict the further range. Figure 67. 
TYPES. — Of echini: Holotype and a paratype female in the U.S. 
National Museum; 7 paratype females and galls in the Philadelphia 
Academy. From Jacksonville, Florida; November; Q. bicolor; Ashmead 
collector. 
The present re-descriptions are based on my studies of all this 
material. The material is now designated as type of the new name 
echinoides. 
This insect is recognizable by its nearly uniformly bright 
rufous color, its more shortened parapsidal grooves, and its 
usually larger size. It is known only from the type material, 
