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Indiana University Studies 
macro carpa in the more southern Middle West; variety pack- 
orum produces a spheroidal and rather roughly tuberculate 
gall on Q. utahensis in Utah. In spite of the close identities 
of the insects and the poor distinctions and confused synonomy 
of previous treatments of these particular cynipids, one may 
arrive at a clear-cut classification pregnant with biologic sig- 
nificance — if one will consider not only insect structure but all 
the other data which evidence the inherited constitution of 
these organisms. 
Cosens has the following to say (1912, Trans. Canad. Inst. 
9 : 342) on the histologic structure of the gall of macrescens 
(mis-determined as variety hirta) of the present species: 
The anatomical structure of this gall differs from P. erinacei Beut. 
[see quotation under erinacei ] only in the distribution and nature of 
the protective zone. This tissue is limited to a layer 3 to 4 cells in 
thickness, just outside the nutritive zone. The sclerifying deposits are 
limited almost entirely to the outside tangential walls of these cells and 
gradually entirely fill them. As a result of this the pores pass com- 
pletely across the cells in the older stages. The small square crystal- 
bearing cells are, in this species, just outside the regular protective 
sheath. 
Cynips hirta variety undulata (Gillette) 
agamic form 
Figures 70, 379, 423 
Biorhiza hirta err. det. Ashmead, 1890, Colo. Biol. Assoc. Bull. 1 : 38. 
Acraspis undulata Gillette, 1893, Ent. News 4: 28. Dalla Torre and 
Kieffer, 1902, Gen. Ins. Hymen. Cynip.: 58. Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 
1910, Das Tierreich 24: 410, 817, 838. Thompson, 1915, Amer. Ins. 
Galls: 15, 36. 
Acraspis macrocarpae err. syn. Beutenmiiller, 1907 (in part), Bull. 
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 23 : 466. 
Philonix macrocarpae err. syn. Beutenmiiller, 1909 (in part), Bull. 
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 26:251. Err. syn. Felt, 1918 (in part), 
N.Y. Mus. Bull. 200: 94. Err. syn. Weld, 1922 (in part), Proc. U.S. 
Nat. Mus. 61 (18) : 10, 13. 
Philonix hirta err. det. Beutenmiiller, 1909 (Colo, record), Bull. Amer. 
Mus. Nat. Hist. 26: 250. 
Philonyx hirta err. det. Beutenmiiller in Smith, 1910 (Q. undulata 
record), Ins. N.J.: 598. 
FEMALE. — Almost entirely deep rufo-piceous and black in color, 
the legs piceous black except for a little rufous at the tips of the coxae 
and at the joints of the tarsi; the antennae deep rufo-piceous, more 
