Kinsey: Gall Wasp Genus Cynips 
483 
Hypopygial spine very large, as high as long, extending dorsally 
as far as or further than ventrally (see figs. 217-224) ; wing-body 
ratio 1.50; cubital and discoidal cells always spotted; Pacific Coast 
species not known east of the Sierras. Subgenus Besbicus, 9 
Hypopygial spine usually more drawn-out and slender (broad in 
Philonix especially in short-winged forms), the normal wings 1.17 
to 1.35 times the body length, but many forms with wings much 
reduced. Always east of the Sierras, from Mexico to southeastern 
Canada. 3 
3. Wing-body ratio normally 1.17, the wings without spots except for 
traces of a blotch in the cubitus; second abscissa of radius rather 
straight, radial cell rather long, wide; the normal spine rather 
broad but projecting basally; many forms with wings much re- 
duced and the spine much broadened and abruptly truncate poster- 
iorly. Agamic galls of moderate size or small, spherical; bisexual 
forms in seed-like cells in buds. Subgenus Philonix, 12 
Wing-body ratio normally 1.35; wings with spots and patches in 
many of the cells; second abscissa of radius well curved, radial cell 
usually short and broad (see figs. 266-273); the spine rather long 
and slender, not greatly widened (see figs. 276-286); the wings some- 
times reduced. Agamic galls large, strictly spherical, smooth and 
naked “oak apples”; bisexual forms unknown. 
Subgenus Atrnsca, 13 
Wing-body ratio normally 1.30, wings largely clear or with smoky 
patches in the cubital cell; radial cell moderately long and not nar- 
row (see figs. 345-368), normal spine rather slender plough-shaped 
(see figs. 386-406); or wings reduced, sometimes to mere stubs, 
and then the spine usually slender, blunt, of uniform width (see 
figs. 407-429) ; agamic galls more or less spherical, ellipsoid, or 
conical, naked, spiny, or woolly, usually thick-walled and compact- 
crystalline internally in all species except mellea ; bisexual forms 
in seed-like cells in buds. Subgenus Acraspis, 16 
SUBGENUS CYNIPS 
4. Agamic female with abdomen not more than half again as long as 
high, with tip of second segment approaching tip of abdomen dor- 
sally; the central European varieties with the mesonotum largely 
punctate and hairy. Bisexual adults with mesonotum and meso- 
pleura entirely smooth. Agamic galls spherical with considerable 
spongy tissue inside; bisexual galls seed-like, on twigs or older 
branches or the main trunk. 5 
Agamic female with abdomen fully twice as long as high, with tip 
of second segment extending two-thirds or less to tip of abdomen; 
the Central European varieties with the mesonotum largely smooth 
