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Indiana University Studies 
21. Wings always long, the tip of the second abscissa of radius only 
moderately enlarged, spots in cubital cell not very heavy; gall 
smooth and naked; Southwest. C. arida 
Wings long or half length or very short; if long, with tip of second 
abscissa of radius very large triangulate, spots in cubital cell large 
and heavy; gall with a coating of spines or coarse and tangled hairs; 
Southwest and Colo, east to Ind. C. villosa, 21a 
21a. Wings full length; galls with spines or hairs; West Tex. to 
Ariz. 21b 
Wings half length, body brownish rufous; galls with stout, 
erect spines; Apache Trail area of Ariz. var. apache 
Wings much reduced; galls with short or long, flexuous hairs; 
N.Mex. and Utah to N.Y. 21c 
21b. Body piceous to black; gall with stout, erect spines; Q . undu- 
late var. and live oaks, so. N.Mex. and Ariz. 
var. acraspiformis 
Body mostly bright rufous; gall with tangled, flexuous hairs; 
Q. grisea, West Tex. var. expositor 
21c. Lateral surfaces of abdomen entirely covered with hairs; wings 
under 0.32 of body; Colo, to N.Y. 21d 
Lateral surfaces of abdomen hairy with noticeable bald areas 
on segments two to four, wings 0.34 of body length; Q . utah- 
ensis; Utah. var. calvescens 
21d. Wings 0.32 of body length, body generally dark rufo-piceous; 
Q. Gambelii var.; no. N.Mex., so. Colo. var. alaria 
Wings 0.30 of body length, body generally rufous with some 
parts black; Q. macrocarpa; no. Mid-West. 21e 
21e. Thorax more narrow, brighter rufous; northern Kans.-N.Y., 
Q. macrocarpa. var. villosa 
Thorax more robust, darker rufous; southern Kans., Q. macro- 
carpa. var. consocians 
22. Always long-winged, parapsidal grooves very narrow, second ab- 
scissa of radius not heavy; gall conical with flaring base; Ariz. 
C. conica 
Long- winged or short-winged; if long- winged the parapsidal grooves 
are rather wide at least posteriorly and the second abscissa of the 
radius is rather heavy; galls spherical; no. N.Mex. to N.Y. and Fla. 
C. mellea, 22a 
22a. Abdomen with much rufous, thorax largely black; N.Y. to Fla. 
and Tex. 22b 
