44 
Indiana University 
from a British port, in the Pennsylvania Packet they would 
be listed as clearing for a British port, and in the Papers on 
Navigation and Trade they would not be counted at all. This 
was probably not done so very extensively, but yet frequently 
enough that the instances must be considered. This is evi- 
denced by the fact that in the arrivals and clearances at 
American ports from and for British ports one notes the 
names of ships and ship captains that are unmistakably Dutch 
and French. 
There is a method by which one can get some rough idea 
of the number of Dutch ships which annually made voyages 
between the Netherlands and the United States, but which 
entered the ports of the latter country from a British port and 
cleared again for a British port. If one take the number of 
entrances at American ports annually from ports of Great 
Britain as given in the Pennsylvania Packet and multiply 
these figures by the proper multiplier one will obtain the total 
number of actual entrances annually of all vessels of all 
nationalities into American ports from ports of Great Britain. 
The total actual number of British and American vessels 
entering the American ports from the ports of Great Britain 
are given for the three years, 1787-1789, by the Papers on 
Navigation and Trade. By subtracting the latter from the 
former one obtains the number of vessels neither American 
nor British which entered the United States from Great Brit- 
ain. Most of these would probably be Dutch, next in order 
would come French, and other than these there might be a 
few Scandinavian, Danish, and German ships. By numerous 
proofs given at different places in this study, it has been 
shown that the figures for entrances as given in the Pennsyl- 
vania Packet must be multiplied by 3 or 4 in order to get the 
actual number of entrances for the period, 1783-1789. Dur- 
ing the last three years the Packet was better than during the 
first part and recorded about one-third the actual number, 
so that '‘3” may be used as the multiplier for those years. 
Now when the total number of entrances from Great Britain 
into American ports as given for each year by the Pennsyl- 
vania Packet are multiplied in order to obtain the actual num- 
ber of entrances from Great Britain, the calculation will ap- 
pear as follows: 
