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rated by antislavery leaders produced anger and widespread 
agitation over the South that led to counter efforts to stimulate 
migration from that section.® 
All attempts to induce people of the lower South, whether 
as individuals or in organized bands, to settle in Kansas re- 
sulted in almost complete failure. The efforts put forth in 
the New England states were almost as fruitless. The 
nativity statistics furnished by the census of 1860 show that 
only 4,208 persons of New England birth were living in 
Kansas in that year, while- the number living there who had 
been born in the seven states of the lower South was even 
smaller, being but 1,007.^® 
The Atlantic states lying between New England and South 
Carolina accomplished more than the groups just mentioned, 
but nothing decisive. New Jersey, Maryland, and Delaware 
scarcely noticed the contest in so far as furnishing settlers 
was concerned. New York and Pennsylvania contributed 
about equal numbers to Kansas, the aggregate being 12,794.^^ 
Virginia and North Carolina together furnished 4,721, a small 
contingent, but greater than the total from the six New 
England states. If a single coastal state from Maine to 
Texas played any important part in the contest for Kansas, 
it was not thru the number of colonists sent to that remote 
Territory. 
The most important phase of the contest for Kansas was 
not that between those elements and leaders who resorted 
to violence on the western plains, nor that between political 
leaders and editors who engaged in a long and intense war 
® Sara T. L. Robinson, Kansas, Its Interior and Exterierr Life (Boston, 1856), 10-1.2; 
Thomas H. Webb, Information for Kansas Immigrants (Boston, 1854-1859, about twenty 
different editions) : Victoria V. Clayton, White and Black under the Old Regime (Mil- 
waukee and London, 1899), chaps, iv, v; Walter L. Fleming, “The Buford Expedition 
to Kansas”, in American Historical Review, VI, 38-48 (October, 1900). Charles Robinson, 
The Kansas Conflict, chap. ii. 
The numbers born in the New England states and living- in Kansas in 1860 were: 
from Massachusetts, 1,282 ; from Vermont, 902 ; from Maine, 750 ; from Connecticut, 650 ; 
from New Hampshire, 466 ; from Rhode Island, 180. The numbers born in the states of 
the lower South and living in Kansas in 1860 were: from Alabama, 240; from South 
Carolina, 215 ; from Georgia, 179 ; from Mississippi, 128 ; from Louisiana, 114 ; from 
Texas, 108 ; from Florida, 23. 
The contributions of the seaboard states lying between New England and South 
Carolina to Kansas were: from Pennsylvania, 6,463; from New York, 6,331; from 
Virginia, 3,487 ; from North Carolina, 1,234 ; from Maryland, 620 ; from New Jersey, 
499 ; from Delaware, 91. 
The total population of the six New England states in 1850 was 2,728,987; that 
of Virginia and North Carolina together, 1,988,987. The two southern states, tho the 
smaller population included many slaves, furnished more colonists to Kansas Territory 
than did New England. 
