Studies in American History 
387 
of words. In accordance with the principle of the Kansas- 
Nebraska Act and under the terms of the English Com- 
promise, the question was settled by the voters who were on 
the ground in Kansas Territory in 1858. The conditions that 
caused more colonists to emigrate to Kansas from the area 
made up of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois than from all the 
slaveholding states together were the most potent in deciding 
the issue at stake. Large numbers of southerners in the 
Territory voted against slavery, and the number of free-state 
men was increased by foreigners and by colonists from Iowa 
and from the old northern states, yet the fact remains that, 
if all the southerners in Kansas had stood together for the 
Lecompton constitution, they could not have measured up in 
numbers to those who had come from Ohio, Indiana, and 
Illinois. 
Tho the more mature states of the Old Northwest furnished 
a greater number of colonists to Kansas than did any other 
section, it should not be inferred that emigrants from these 
states were principally interested in Kansas. By 1860, there 
were 11,617 persons living in Kansas who had been born in 
Ohio, this being the largest contingent furnished by any state. 
Nevertheless, the movement from Ohio to other new areas 
was far greater. The number of persons born in Ohio and 
living in Wisconsin in 1860 was greater than in 1850 by 
12,899; in Missouri, by 22,652; in Indiana, by 51,052; in 
Illinois, by 67,668; in Iowa, by 68,527. The figures for the 
flow of colonists away from Indiana and Illinois are, of course, 
not so startling as for Ohio, but are very interesting: 
Born in 
Living in 
Kansas in 
1860 
Increase 
in Missouri 
from 1850 
to 1860 
Increase 
in 
Illinois 
Increase 
in 
Iowa 
Indiana 
9,945 
17,711 
31,057 
37,630 
Illinois 
9,367 
19,221 
19,449 
The meager showing of the New England states in the 
peopling of Kansas Territory before 1860 has already been 
pointed out. The efforts of her antislavery leaders and the 
activities of the Emigrant Aid Society bore little fruit. This 
