Studies in American History 
413 
not men'’. But when in answer to Governor Ray’s letter to 
Jackson concerning his tariff views, the General referred him 
to the Coleman letter of 1824 and his advocacy of a ‘‘judicious 
tariff”, many Adams men, satisfied with this term, whatever 
it meant, came over to Jackson. The Adams attack on Jack- 
son centered around his rough character. His tyranny as a 
military chieftain, his rowdyism, cock-fighting, gambling, and 
duelist propensities were duly advertised. 
In 1828 state politics began to be affected by the presi- 
dential contest. In Ohio J. W. Campbell was nominated by 
members of the Jackson convention after adjournment.^® 
Indiana party lines were drawn much closer than in 1825, 
and Governor Ray in his attempt to be re-elected as an in- 
dependent candidate escaped defeat only because newspapers 
circulated slowly.^o 
The November election found the tide so definitely turned 
in favor of Jackson that even the Adams strength in the 
Western Reserve counties could not hold Ohio for the ad- 
ministration.2^ The vote of the three states was Jackson, 
99,454, and Adams, 85,135. In the congressional election, 
Ohio, which in 1826 had returned 12 administration men to 
2 Jackson men, elected 8 Jackson men and 6 Adams men.^^ 
Party lines were also reaching into the state legislature where 
they were fairly well established from this time on.^^ 
The spirit which led to the triumph of Jackson in 1828 
contained in itself the makings of a political party, but the 
policies which came with his election made possible the birth 
of an organized opposition. The removals policy and the 
neglect of tariff and internal improvements issues which had 
been so prominently displayed in the campaign gave the Clay 
and Adams men an opening for attack. Interest in these 
In the election his opponent, Allen Trimble, administi-ation candidate, received 
53,971 votes to 51,951 for Campbell. Ohio Statistics, 1914, p. 255. 
20 Governor Ray attempted to ride two horses and just before the election muddled 
things very badly. Newspaper ridicule put the Governor in an impossible situation, but 
the knowledge of his double dealing did not become general by the day of the election. 
The result was: Ray, 15,141; Canby (Jackson), 12,305; Moore (administration), 10,904, 
Indiana Jou,rnal (Indianapolis), July 10 and 17 ; Western Sun, July 19 ; Indiana Palladium 
(Richmond, Ind.), July 19, 1828. 
21 Ohio: Jackson, 67,597; Adams, 63,396. Indiana: Jackson, 22,257; Adams, 17,052. 
Illinois: Jackson, 9,600; Adams, 4,687, 
22 Niles’ Register, November 4, 1826. 
2® The Edwards forces supported George Forquer, an administration man, but he 
received only 6,158 votes to 10,447 for Joseph Duncan, Pease, Illinois Election Re- 
turns, 64. 
