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questions had existed side by side with interest in Jackson in 
1828, and Jackson's strength varied inversely with the im- 
portance attached to them. Ohio, most populous and nearest 
to the eastern markets and farthest advanced economically, 
gave the smallest percentage of majority; and Illinois, least 
populous and most frontier-like, the highest. In Illinois the 
cohesion resulting from the spirit of enthusiasm for Jackson 
the man, combined with the change in policies on the part 
of Jackson as political leader, seriously affected party divi- 
sions. After 1828 the inherent strict constructionism of 
Jackson came prominently into play. From the “judicious 
tariff" and internal improvements stand of 1824, he came 
around to the Maysville veto and war on the Bank. Most of 
the Crawford following in the Northwest, that is in Illinois, 
took with it into the Jackson party the ideals of 1798 and 
were recognized as regular Jackson men. Since the Jackson 
spirit would tolerate no halfway position this following fitted 
in better than the “Milk and Cider" men. 
The Ohio state elections of 1830 indicated that the hold 
of the Jackson party on the state was none too secure. 
Duncan McArthur, former scout and Indian fighter, defeated 
Robert Lucas, the Jackson candidate, in a close election. The 
administration lost three more Congressmen. Governor Ray 
of Indiana in attempting to maintain his independent posi- 
tion became involved in a struggle with the partisan legisla- 
ture which lasted for three years and cut short his political 
career.2^ In 1831 General Noah Noble, one of the most 
popular men in the state, tho posing as a no-party candidate, 
was in reality the candidate of the Anti- Jackson forces for gov- 
ernor. The pleas of the party press were unavailing, and altho 
Indiana was safely Jacksonian in the national elections. Noble 
was elected over James G. Read by over 2,500 votes. The vote 
indicated little beyond the fact that Noble was the more popular 
candidate, for both men had supported Jackson and were in- 
ternal improvements men. In the congressional election, the 
first under the new law, all three Jackson candidates were 
successful in spite of the fact that the party polled less than 
By 1831 the newspapers and party organizations tried to maintain strong party 
division, and the candidates for governor were judged largely on their stand on national 
issues, yet the party alignment did not yet extend sufficiently far down among the voters 
to make the national issue the determining one, nor did the candidates run strictly and 
avowedly on party tickets. Leonard, “Personal Politics in Indiana, 1816-1840”, Indiana 
Magazine of History, XIX, 257. 
