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Indiana University 
The effects of the removal policy, the influence of the United 
States Bank with its great wealth, and the efficacy of the 
newly established organization of the National Republicans 
could not be foreseen with certainty. Moreover, the race 
would have to be made against Henry Clay, a western man, 
a most skilful politician and a campaigner with a personal 
following second only to that of Jackson. In Illinois the Clay 
men drew together in an attack against Jackson, tariff, in- 
ternal improvements, and Bank policies, and mere personal 
loyalty to Jackson on the part of Democratic candidates was 
not enough to satisfy the voters. Yet it was not easy for the 
Jackson forces to stand solidly on a platform for there were 
many diverging views on leading questions. 
The Anti-Masons appeared as a third party in 1831 and 
selected electors in Ohio and Illinois, and a committee in 
Indiana to sound the candidates.-® The Ohio Anti-Masons 
withdrew their state ticket and united with the National Re- 
publicans in support of Darius Lyman for governor, but 
Robert Lucas carried the election by about 8,000 votes. 
The Democratic organization stood the party in good stead, 
and in spite of the strength of their platform, leaders, and 
newspapers, the National Republicans labored at a disad- 
vantage. The Democrats held most of the federal offices, and 
hence had all the advantages of easy access to the voters, while 
their opponents had to carry on their electioneering at a 
greater sacrifice of time and effort. The November election 
showed a solid Democratic Northwest, at least on national 
affairs. In Ohio the vote stood, Jackson, 81,346; Clay, 76,539; 
and Wirt, 509 ;“® in Indiana, 31,552 to 25,472 and in Illinois, 
14,617 to 6,754 with 97 for Wirt.®^ As in 1828 the percentage 
son electors. In the national convention the vote of the Illinois delegation was divided. 
After Van Buren’s nomination the majority of Johnson suppoxfers came over to the 
regular ticket, but the differences were not forgotten and threatened serious consequences 
in 1836. Some of the members of the Johnson convention became Whigs. See Thomp- 
son, Illinois Whigs before 18^6, 38; Illinois Intelligencer (Vandalia, 111.), cited in Theo- 
dore Calvin Pease, The Frontier State (Springfield, 111., 1918), 140; Washburne (Ed.), 
The Papers of Ninian Edivards, 579-580. 
28 The committee wrote to Clay in September to find out whether he was a Mason. 
Clay replied that the subject was one with which a United States officer had no business 
to meddle and refused to express his personal opinion. Before the election the Indiana 
Journal dropped Wirt and Ellmaker from its list of candidates, and most of the Anti- 
Masons voted for Clay electors. Western Sun, December 3, 1831 ; Indiana Journal, De- 
cember 3, 1831 ; Niles’ Register, XLI, 260 ; Indiana Journal, October 4, 1832. 
29 Indiana Journal, December 1, 1832 ; Ohio Statistics, 1914, p. 255. 
20 Lawrenceburg (Ind.) Palladium, December 8, 1832 ; Vevay (Ind.) Messenger, 
December 15, 1832 ; Niles’ Register, October 27, 1832. 
21 Pease, Illinois Election Returns, 80-81. 
