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Indiana University 
thoroly Jacksonian, with just a faint trace of the location 
of some of the later strongholds of opposition. 
The second election of Andrew Jackson in 1832 marked the 
high tide of Jacksonian democracy. The old hero had been 
completely vindicated. The Bank struggle, failure to support 
internal improvements, removals, back stairs Cabinet in- 
fluences, and the attempt to will Van Buren upon an unwill- 
ing West brought out differences and served to dampen the 
enthusiasm of part of the presidential following. No longer 
did personal popularity of the candidate and mere party or- 
ganization suffice. The old leaders in the Northwest were 
dropping out, and with the passing of the politicians of the 
pioneer period came new men, new emphasis on local issues, 
and new party divisions and alliances. With the growth in 
population of the northern territories, the expulsion of the 
Indians from northern Indiana and Illinois, and the flow of 
new settlers, largely from New England and New York, to 
these sections, came a corresponding shifting of the center of 
population. Development of surer and quicker transportation, 
a common school system, colleges, churches, and of the press 
brought changed political ideas and different methods. 
Economic and social life were in transition and politics in 
more or less disturbed condition. From this period of milling 
around of issues and factions emerged an organized Demo- 
cratic party and a more or less organized opposition, that 
confronted each other in national and local politics for the 
next two decades. 
The internal improvements movement which swept Ohio 
in the twenties reached Indiana and Illinois in force in the 
thirties. In Ohio after 1824 and in Indiana after 1828 the 
internal improvements party controlled local politics by 
overwhelming majorities. The period from 1825 to 1827 
was one of prosperity, expansion, and unbounded optimism 
stimulated somewhat by inflation, by bank notes, and specula- 
tion. Prominent internal improvement advocates were to be 
found both among the Jackson and Adams men. The Bank 
veto brought the currency question before the states, and it 
soon took its place in importance alongside that of in- 
ternal improvements. Indiana in 1834 re-elected Governor 
Noble, who was one of the most consistent workers for internal 
The voters of Ohio and Indiana “went for’’ a United States Bank, internal im- 
provements, and high tariff, yet always supported Andrew Jackson. 
