448 
Indiana University 
campaign managers of the Northwest, and big guns from out- 
side were imported for speech-making purposes. Torch-light 
bearers, transparencies, banners, and music, in fact a repeti- 
tion of 1840 with more elaborate facilities, helped hold atten- 
tion and win votes. Neither party was as unified as it would 
have desired. Democrats were divided over slavery, church 
members were unable to follow both the dictates of their min- 
isters and political leaders, and, while the Irish remained good 
Democrats, the Germans of Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois were 
inclined to affiliate with the Republican party. Within the 
Republican organization the ex- Whigs and Know-Nothings 
stood on the wrong side of the temperance question to win the 
Germans. 
The Indiana state election in October indicated a Demo- 
cratic victory .^02 presidential vote became more sectional 
than ever before,^®^ and Buchanan’s majority was explained 
by the Republicans as due to the “double-cross” executed by 
the Know-Nothings in the southern part of the state.^®^ Fre- 
mont carried Ohio by another sectional division within the 
state. Only 4 Republican counties fell outside of the 2 dis- 
tricts of the old Western Reserve and the Whig river coun- 
ties in the southeast, and the former Whig area of western 
central Ohio.^®"’ Democrats elected 8 of the 21 Congressmen 
whereas in 1854 they had elected none. Nowhere was the 
conflict of forces more complicated nor the sectional divisions 
within a state so clearly marked as in Illinois. Buchanan 
won the state by a plurality, but the Republican state ticket 
was elected by about 4,700 votes.^°® The Republicans elected 
the Congressmen in the 4 northern districts and the Demo- 
crats the 5 in the southern districts. “Egypt”, the land of 
the “unterrified Democracy”, remained faithful, and by the 
aid of the American vote the Democrats encroached far into 
the old Whig counties of the Springfield region. Many there 
were who could vote for Buchanan who could not support Doug- 
las and his repeal of the Missouri Compromise.^®'^ Wisconsin, 
102 The Democrats also elected 6 of 11 Congressmen, a gain of 4 since 1854. 
103 Buchanan, 118,672 ; Fremont, 94,376 ; Fillmore, 22,386. Washington (Ind.) Demo^ 
crat, December 5, 1856. 
101 The Know-Nothing- defection no doubt had a noticeable effect on the results, 
but in 46 northern counties, where there were hardly 500 Amei’ican votes. Republicans 
suffered a loss of about 7,000 votes over 1854. 
105 The vote was: Fremont, 187,497; Buchanan, 170,874; Fillmore, 28,126. 
10* Buchanan, 105,348 ; Fremont, 96,189 ; Fillmore, 38,444. 
101 In 25 of the counties south of the middle of the state, the Fremont ticket re- 
ceived 10 per cent or less of the total vote, and in 20 other counties it ran third. 
