Studies in American History 
189 
tion for an Irish invasion for the conquest of Canada/^ Lewis 
D. Campbell of Ohio, on April 3, proposed a resolution in 
the House requesting the president to open negotiations with 
England in order to ascertain the terms on which she would 
consent to the annexation of Canada to the United States. 
Tho it was rejected by a vote of 119 to 29, it attracted the 
attention of the London newspapers.^^ Both England and 
France sought to obtain from the United States a formal 
positive statement of her policy in regard to privateering and 
neutral rights. 
Tho Clarendon’s explanation of his recent declaration in 
regard to an existing Anglo-French “understanding on policy 
in two hemispheres” was not entirely satisfactory to the 
American government, Buchanan at London seized the golden 
opportunity to initiate negotiations with England for a treaty 
on the freedom of commerce.^^ Secretary Marcy also took ad- 
vantage of the situation in the negotiations at Washington. 
Thru the anxiety of the British minister to secure a com- 
mercial treaty that would be satisfactory to Canada, and 
partly thru the influence of a special confidential agent, 1. 
D. Andrews,^'^ whom Marcy had sent to the lower British 
provinces, the United States secured some liberal concessions 
in the reciprocity treaty which was concluded on June 6, 1854. 
If the Pierce-Marcy administration expected the reciprocity 
treaty to result in the gradual, quiet, peaceful settlement of 
the Canadian question, by the growth of close relations which 
would develop into annexation,^® it was mistaken. With the 
rise of an influential protective movement which agitated 
Canada, the treaty did not bring the satisfactory results which 
Marcy had expected. Its spirit was violated by the increase 
of Canadian provincial protective tariffs which were laid by 
the influence of Lower Canada in spite of the objection of 
boards of trade in Upper Canada and the attempt of England 
to prevent. In 1859, Canada affirmed the right to regulate 
her own tariffs without interference from England, and in 
Ne^v York Times, March 27, and Nexu Ywk Herald, March 28, 1854, In the latter 
part of 1855 there were rumors of plans for an Irish filibustering expedition from the 
United States to free Ireland from English rule. (Londcm Times, November 27, 1855.) 
'^-.New Yoo'k Herald, April 7, and London Times, April 18, 1854, 
New York Herald, April 29 and 30 and May 22, 1854; also see an article of J. 
Watson Webb in the London Times, October 3, 1854. 
New York Herald, April 12, 1854. 
Special Missions, III, 36, April 15, 1854. 
North American Revietv, LXXIX (October, 1854). 
