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Indiana University 
with national boundaries, and the drawing of an artificial 
line from the Atlantic to the Pacific, which we call the 
bundary line between the United States and Canada, has little 
effect upon that economic activity except in so far as inter- 
course is modified by artificial tariff regulations. The interna- 
tional boundary line has been a sort of Chinese wall, however, 
so far as the serious study of the history of either of the two 
countries by the other is concerned, and this situation has 
tended to prevent or obstruct the true interpretation of many 
movements or developments in the history of the two coun- 
tries. Many facts in American history cannot be praperly 
understood without a knowledge of the history of Canada, and 
many developments in the history of one country illustrate cor- 
responding developments in the other. The purpose of this 
paper is to point out some of the parallels in the history of the 
two countries and to indicate somie ways in which the history 
of one country has been influenced by the history of the other. 
Much research by American and Canadian scholars will be 
necessary before the full significance of all of these inter-rela- 
tionships will be fully appreciated and interpreted, but enough 
has already been done to indicate som.e cf the influences which 
one of these countries has had upon the other. 
When New France was transferred to Great Britain in 
1763 as a result of Wolfe’s victory over Montcalm on the Plains 
of Abraham, certain lines of development were started which 
have influenced conditions on the North American continent 
from that day to this. Some of these influences have been 
fully appreciated and, so far as present information permits, 
they have been properly interpreted. In some ways, how- 
ever, we have probably missed the full truth because of our 
failure to view American developments at times from the Cana- 
dian point of view and because we h*ave not rated at its full 
value the influence which Canada has had upon our history. 
The Proclamation of 1763 is a good illustration of the diffi- 
culty or impossibility of understanding a fact without view- 
ing it from all angles. To most men of that day the obvious 
purpose of the proclamation was to put a barrier to west- 
ward expansion on the part of the English colonies in Amer- 
ica in order, as Lord Hillsborough later said, to keep them in 
greater commercial and political subjection.^ Professors 
' George Henry Alden, New Governments West of the Alleghenies before 1780 
here by Authority of Parliament, was a principal Cause of setting them upon petitioning 
