68 
BULLETIN OF THE LABORATORIES 
All measurements of the elevation of rocks in the various sections 
are reckoned from the sidewalk at the Court House in Dayton. 
These measurements are due to the kindness of Mr. A. Kiehl, who 
aided me materially in this part of the work. The top of the Cincin- 
nati Group is at 193.51 at the first station. In a section made near 
by the Cincinnati layer was not exposed but the lowest point in the 
Clinton was at 196.74; the top of the Clinton, 206.31; the top of the 
Niagara exposed, 208.68. The thickness of the Niagara was therefore 
2 ft. 4.5 in.; and that of the Clinton, considering that the dip from the 
first named station, east of the section, was slight, but westward, a 
thickness of twelve feet would be more than conjectural. The rock 
is crystalline, consists of uneven “lenticular” layers, unequally fos- 
siliferous, the fossils being found in ‘ ‘pockets” or special accumulations, 
irregularly disposed throughout the group. Numerous fine heads of 
Dalmanites Werthneri are quite abundant here, and for many things it 
ranks with the Soldiers’ Home quarry itself in productiveness. 
The Clinton ends in a top of blue clay containing large crinoid 
beads, free specimens of Chaetetes, Rhinopoi^a^ &c. It is about five 
or six inches thick. Only the blue clay referred to the Cincinnati 
Group is exposed. The Niagara Group consists of a yellow lime- 
stone, unfossiliferous as far as known, lying in uneven broken courses 
from two to five inches thick. It has no commercial value, but the 
Clinton stone is much used for academizing roads and streets, and is 
profitable on a small scale, as a gain of $492 with^ an expenditure of 
$426 in one instance will show. During this year, 1885, up to 
August an expenditure of $356 realized a gain of $547, which is quite 
profitable considering the small amount of time put upon the quarry. 
The inferior quality of the Niagara limestone at this quarry is to be 
especially mentioned as it is the exact equivalent of the Dayton lime- 
stone and the succeeding quarries farther west gradually assume the 
characteristics of the Dayton stone, thus forming a complete and in- 
structive series for comparison. 
SwartzhaiigN s Quarry. (^Section I.) 
On the same pike within a few hundred feet from the south-east 
corner of the Home grounds is a second quarry. It is placed behind 
a farm-house, dipping northward into the hill near the barn. The 
top of the Cincinnati Group is here represented by a bed of blue clay. 
In the sections made, however, this bed was not reached. The hot- 
