lO BULLETIN OF THE LABORATORIES 
west, there gathered at intervals great floating beds or tangles of sea- 
weeds. Currents setting from the northeast, bearing freight of sand 
and gravel, would naturally deposit all but the lighter .in making this 
point, and in the slower eddies beyond drop the clays we really find. 
Now it remains to notice that there was evidently a considerable 
interval between the fossiliferous beds of the upper Waverly and the 
fossil bearing shales of the coal measures — a far greater interval than 
is represented by the 170-180 feet intervening. An interval of 100 
feet between the shale at Flint Ridge and the silicious limestone seems 
to have produced no marked change in fauna, many identical species 
Taeing found, while very fewYorms pass from the Waverly into the coal 
measures. This might be partially explained by the changed condi- 
tions, but that this is insufficient is indicated by the fact that Waverly 
freestones contain many species identical with limestones of the same 
borizon (Spergen Hill) in Indiana. However, it may be in part ex- 
plained by supposing that the waters during the Waverly epoch were 
connected with the sea at the west, while during the coal measures 
period the sea was part of a southeastern basin, which in the meantime 
had become independent. Nevertheless, we have evidence of a pe- 
riod left unrepresented in Licking county, but which was employed 
farther south in the formation of sub-carboniferous limestones ’( Max- 
ville.) 
In order to determine the exact relation between the strata men- 
tioned it will be necessary to carefully study and compare all the re- 
mains preserved, as well as to carry stratigraphical research beyond the 
limits assigned. We will examine, therefore, first of all the fossils 
found in a thin layer of black shale immediately overlying the coal at 
Flint Ridge and lying about 100 feet below the summit of the ridge. 
This stratum appears, upon the top of Bald Hill, near Newark, with 
identical fossils and lithological character. It is here not supported by 
■coal, but lies 100 feet above the lowest coal horizon in the county 
(about 73 feet only above the Waverly). This shale also appears to- 
ward Brownsville, wherever its horizon is reached. This is undoubt- 
edly coal measure rock and its fossils are those found in the coal meas- 
ures of West Virginia, Illinois, Missouri, and the far West. After 
enumerating these, comparisons may be instituted with the Waverly 
and sub-carboniferous limestone as welhas the silicious limestone above. 
This narrow band of shale is one of the most highly fossiliferous strata 
known, though the number of species is not relatively so great. 
