HUGHL 1 -H 0 WRAH AND THE 24-PERGUNNAHS. 
former records the entries of all the species iii the Hortus Suburba* 
nus Calcuttensis have been cited. At the same time, with a view 
to assisting those who may employ the list in identifying the various 
species, references are also given to the writer’s work entitled Bengdl 
Plants in which will be found definitions of all the natural families 
and genera, accompanied by a series of keys to the great majority of 
the genera and species here enumerated. If in any case further 
reference is required to full specific descriptions cr to figures, the 
necessary information will be found either in Roxburgh’s Flora Indica 
to which both the Hortus Subur bands and Bengal Plants will guide 
the student ; or in Hooker’s Flora of British India and Beddome’s 
Ferns of India add Ceylon, to which references are made in Bengdl 
Plants . 
The present list deals with 12O natural families of phanerogams 
including 670 genera arid 1,316 species. Of these 1,316 species 
about 120 are staple field or garden crops; 260 are plants that for 
one reason or another have been deliberately introduced, and 21 are 
species that have been certainly, though inadvertently* introduced 
by h uman agericy. The rerriainirig species may be considered native 
in a qualified sense ; they include about 7O0 species fairly widely 
spread in South-Eastern Asia; 30 that are only to be found in the 
extreme north-west portion of our area (the Goghat sub-division .of 
Hughli) ; 85 that are either confined to the Sundribuns or only 
extend a little way north from the Sundribuns into the Gangetic 
delta; and about 100 that extend from the northern part of Our area 
into the Sundribuns. 
The cryptogamic portion of the list deals with 37 natural families* 
including 92 genera and 175 species. 
H. — TOPOGRAPHY AND VEGETATION. 
The whole of the area included in the three districts around 
Calcutta is, in appearance and almost in reality, a level plairi, though 
there is* as a matter of fact, a very geritle and gradual rise from the 
Srindribuns sea-face in the south-east of the 24-Pergunnahs to Goghat 
in the north west of Hughli, and about Badanganj — the extreme 
western portion of the Goghat sub-division--— a slight amount of natura 
undulation in the ground is perceptible. Except this Goghat sub-di vi- 
sion, which lies west of the Dwarkeswar river and as already explained 
belongs really to West Bengal, the rest of the Hughli district and 
the whole of the Howrah district belong to the rice swamp of Central 
