66 
NOTES FROM A JOURNEY TO NEPAL. 
Crops and weeds of cultivation in the terai. 
The weeds of the fallows and waste land at the edges of the fields 
are chiefly : — Sida rhomhifolia^ Urena lobata, Triumfettd rhombo^ 
idetty Indigofera linifoliay Cassia Tora, Mimosa pudica^ Vernonia 
cinereay Cssulia axillarisy Eclipta alba, Chrysanthellum indicum, 
Emilia s one hifoli a, Hydrolea zeylanicay Cynoglossum lanceolatumy 
Solanum xanthocarpum, Scop aria dulcisy Rungia parvijlora, 
Leucas Unifolia, Anisomeles ovata, Amarantus spinosus, Achyranthes 
aspera, Alternanthera sessilis, Polygonum glabrum. Polygonum 
Hydroptper, Euphorbia pilulifera, Cyperus fiavidus, Cyperus 
auricomusy Mariscus microcephalus, Fimbristylis dichotomay 
Kyllingia tricepSy Panicum colonum, Andropogon aciculariSy Cynodon 
dactylon, Eragrostis amabilis Eragrostis stenophylla. They are 
all wide spread plants of the plains of India except Chrysanthellum 
indteum ; and that little plant is not of restricted distribution. 
Half way between Parsua and Simalbclsa is a thatching-grass 
meadow. This meadow on examination was found to be composed of 
Andropogon intermediuSy Cymbopogon Martiniy and Setaria glauca, 
>Vith abundant plants of Exacum tetragonum. Cassia mimosoides, and 
Alysicarpus rugosus. The thatching-grass meadows seen further 
South within British territory contained a different vegetation. 
The plauts aseociated in an isolated patch of forest at Parsua. 
The little patch of thin forest at Parsua consists of trees of : — 
Cedrela Toonay Lager stroemia parvijlora^ Bridelid retusa, 
'Mallotus philippinensisy Trema orientalis, Salix tetrasperma, 
and a Tetranthera, with a growth of small shrubs and rather tall 
herbs between them, e. g.y Crotalaria alatay Desmodium gyroideSy 
Pueraria phaseoloidesy Melastoma malabathricumy Osbeckia 
nepalensisy Anisomeles ovatay Leucas hyssopifoliay Leonotis nepetx- 
folia and Plectranthus ternifolius. 
Here and there in the country side stand trees of Bomba x 
malabaricum. Hamilton remarked that in 1802 it and Butea 
frondosa were the commonest trees of the terai. With the exten- 
sion of cultivation at the expense of the tall khardul grass, they and 
probably also Salix tetrasperma have become much less abundant. 
Plants of the coarse grass lands. 
A study of the patches of khardul grass which remain, and a 
comparison with stretches existing in the Duars, will give some 
idea of the^ past vegetation. Saccharum Narenga in the Nepal 
terai is its chiei species, and is associated with Cymbopogon 
