XVlll 
EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS. 
A Lead. — A channel through the ice. — A ship is said to take a right lead, when she 
follows that channel which conducts her into a clear, or at least, a navigable 
sea, and vice versa. 
f^iPPED . — To be forcibly pressed between two or more masses of ice. 
A Pack. — A large body of loose ice, whose extent cannot be seen. 
A Patch of Ice. — The same as a pack, but of small dimensions. 
Sailing-Ice. — Ice of which the masses are so much separated, as to allow a ship to sail 
among them without great difficulty. 
A Tongue. — A mass of ice projecting under water, in a horizontal direction, from an ice- 
berg or floe.— -A ship sometimes grazes, or is set fast on a tongue of ice, 
which may, however, generally be avoided, being easily seen in smooth water. 
A Water-Sky. — A certain dark appearance of the sky which indicates clear water in that 
direction, and which, when contrasted with tlie blink over ice, or land, is very 
conspicuous. 
Young Ice. — The same as bay -ice. 
