ON THE VARIATION AT SEA. 
CXXIX 
approach to the Magnetic Pole, the Dip exceeding 88°, the directive influence 
of the Earth’s Magnetism on the compass needle became insufficient to re- 
move it from the direction which it assumed by reason of the attraction of 
the ship’s iron, and in which it remained stationary under every change in 
the ship’s course. 
The Observations with Captain Kater’s and with Mr. Jenning’s compasses 
are distinguished by the respective initials K. and J., a Mean of the two being- 
taken as the Variation on the different points ; both compasses were used 
successively in the same place ; the ship was sufficiently steady to admit of 
the use of a Spirit Level to ensure the horizontal adjustment of Captain 
Kater’s ; the direction of the ship’s head was determined by a compass in 
the binnacle agreeing with those used in obtaining the Results, and frequently 
noted to do so during the Observations. The true Variation obtained on the 
ice, at a distance from the ship, was 82° 00' by a Mean of Observations on 
the 23rd and 24th. The Dip had been observed in latitude 72° 00', and 
longitude 60° 15', to be 84° 15', and had probably increased a few minutes 
in the ship’s intermediate run. 
