68 
MEMOIR OF CAMPER. 
the ear to the same point of tlie upper jaw, formed 
with the former line an angle, which he called the 
facial angle; the relative size of which produced the 
most marked difference in the expression of the coun. 
tenance, as it was also regarded a gage of the intel- 
lect of man and heast. 
His own estimate of the value of this ohservation 
may be gathered from tlie following quotation. “ I 
have observed that in quadrupeds, both genus and 
species may he distinguished by the position of the 
upper jaw bones immediately before, above, or oblique 
under the ball of the cranium. I have drawn the 
heads of many different animals on the same line ; 
which exhibits an appearance that not only would 
be of inconceivable service iti natural history, but of 
the greatest use to the painter.” In another place, 
he remarks, “ The two extremities of the facial angle 
are 70 or 100 degrees— from the Negro to the Gre- 
cian antique ; make it under 70 degrees, and you 
describe an orang-outang, or an ape : lessen it more, 
and you have the head of a dog ; increase the niini- 
rtmm, tmd you form a fowl, a snipe for example, 
the facial line of which is nearly parallel with the 
horizon. No space is now left for tlie teeth, and 
hence they have none. If the projecting part of the 
forehead be made to exceed 100% the head becomes 
misdiapen, and assumes the: appearance of hydroce- 
phalus. It is very surprising that the artists of an- 
cient Greece should have chosen precisely the wmait- 
mum ; whilst the best Roman artists have limited 
