THE BOTANICAL EXPLORATION OF ARABIA. 
453 
Kaiser, A. — Der heutige Stand der Mannafrage, Mitteil. dei' 
Tliurgauischen Natiirforscli. Gesellschaft. Heft. 25. 1924. 
fliiiiimelaiicr. — Commentarius in Exodum. Paris, 1897. 
Ebers. — Durch Gosen zum Sinai. Leipzig, 1872. 
Zeiiiier. — Man Lu. In Zeitschr. d. kath. Tkeologie XXI ! 1 
(1899) 164. 
Peters. — Zu Man Hu. Ecod. 1. 371. 
Kaiser, A. — Wanderungen und Wandlungen in der Sinai-wlisto 
— Wiefelden o. J. 1929. 
Bodenlieimer, F. S. — Ueber das Tamariskenrnanna des Sinai. 
In Bodenheimer und Theodor, Ergebnisse der Sinai- Exp edition 
1927 der Hebraischen Universitat. Jerusalem 1929, p. 45-88. 
484 — ab. 4^4 B.C. — Herodotus of Halicarnassus in Asia Minor. — He 
travelled extensively in Egypt and Assyria. The main purpose of 
his work is historical, but it is full of geographical information and 
contains several most interesting references to plants, also Arabian. 
“ Surely when he spoke of the Spice-land he meant some part of the 
peninsula which we still call Arabia, and not the southern Hamad.' ^ 
(Hogarth.) 
The first edition of Herodot’s Historise is by Aldus (1502). The 
best critical editions are those by Gaisford and Stein (Berlin, 1869). 
The best Latin commentary is that of Buehr (Leipzig, 1856). 
The best English translation is by Kawlinson in 4 vols. (1858). 
About 300 B.C. — Tlieoplirasiiis of Eresus, born about 370 B.C., died 
about 287 B.C. He was a pupil of Aristotle. During his time Alexan- 
der the Great (356-323 B.C.) had undertaken his many wars of con- 
quest. To him the ancient world owed a vast increase of its know- 
ledge in geography and natural history. It was Theophrastus wlio 
made use of the accounts brought home by Alexander’s army. And 
he did this to such an extent that he was said to have written tin; 
first plant-geography. Arabia was not omitted. We find numerou.s 
references to the northern coasts of the Ked Sea and the islands of 
the Persian Gulf. Of the many Greek writings by Theophrastus two 
botanical works have come down to us : History of the Plants. It 
seems to have consisted originally of ten books, nine of which have 
been preserved intact, and : The Causes of Plants. It was in eight 
books, of which six remain. 
For a long tinre these works were little known until Pope Nicholas 
V about the middle of the 15th century induced the Greek refugee 
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