ON AN ANCIENT AND MODERN SKULL. 
23 
thereabouts. It found its way into the possession of Mr. H. W. Pearce, 
of Bradford-on-Avon, who at my instigation has presented it to the 
Bristol Museum. 
It is probably, but not certainly, masculine, and is not far off the 
average in size, its length being above, and its maximum or parietal 
breadth equal to, the standard, while its altitude is distinctly below 
it, the skull being platykephalic. It is not characteristically English ; 
I should put it between the sphenoid and parallelopipedal types of Sergi. 
This type does however occur among Dr. McDonell’s seventeenth 
century London skulls, and there is an instance of it among Mr. 
John Pritchard’s Carmelites, which are now in our Museum. The 
forehead is vertical, but narrow and low, and the parietal breadth, 
though comparatively large, yields an index of only 7 6 ‘3, which is 
mesatikephalic, and close to the ordinary English mean. 
I have said that I think this cranium masculine, but the conjecture 
is grounded almost entirely on its size. On the other hand the 
absence of strong muscular impressions, the verticality of the forehead, 
and the large size of the lower occipital, may point in the other 
direction. It is, however, as I think, probable that the Quakers of 
the eighteenth century, drawn as they were from the middle rather 
than from the labouring class, would not exhibit, as a body, any great 
evidence of muscular development. 
The estimation of the capacity is rather more interesting than usual. 
I have tested it by ten different methods, six of which are based on 
diameters, and four on peripheral arcs. The former yield an average 
of 1423 cubic centimetres, the latter of 1542, and the lasgest of 
the former (Pelletier’s) is less b}^ 78 than the smallest of the latter 
(Beddoe’s). The discrepancy depends on the platykephalic form, or in 
other words on the relative smallness of the vertical diameter. The 
contrast with the higher and more regularly formed Lombrive skull 
is striking. 
The nearest approach to accuracy is likely to be gotten by averaging 
the results of at least one peripheral and one diametral process. 
Length. 
Breadth. 
TABLE 
OF MEASUBEMENTS. 
Bradford 
Lombrive. 
-on-Avon. 
Glabello-max. 
179 M.M. 
... 186 M.M. 
Fronto-inial . . . 
165 
... 189 
Glabello-inial 
169-5 
... 183 
Ophryo-max. 
174 
... 185 
Facial 
59-98? 
... 59. 98 ? 
Frontal min. 
93-5 
... 90 
Stephanie 
110-5 
... Ill 
Zygomatic . . . 
129? 
... 121 
Auricular 
113-5? 
... Ill 
Maximum 
131 
... 142 pi. 
Mastoid 
Large 
... 128 
As te rial 
108 ? 
... 113 
