PHYSICAL DISTURBANCES IN THE SOM. AND GLOS. COALFIELD. 69 
which broke upon a shingly beach along their flanks, the evidence 
of striation having afterwards been destroyed. In the Bristol and 
Gloucester end of the basin the older rocks had been elevated in 
a line at right angles with the Mendip Hills, and ranged north and 
south, possibly indicating a southern extension of the great Pennine 
Chain, which traversed the centre of England, dividing its coalfields 
in two great parallel areas. This upward movement and subsequent 
denudation had been contemporaneous with the other physical dis- 
turbances already described, and the force must in this case have 
operated from west to east. Its effect was shown by diagram 
sections of the Old Red Sandstone at the Horse Shoe Bend on the 
Avon, also in the Mountain Limestone of the Avon Gorge, with 
its great slide fault, all this speaking of great lateral pressure. 
Of the faults in the interior of the Somerset basin, the most notable 
were the great 100 fathom fault, a downthrow west which ranged 
north and south through Eadstock ; the Glutton Union fault, which 
ran east and west, lifting up the Pennant Sandstones through 
the New Red marls of Hallatrow, into the picturesque elevations of 
Highbury Hill and Temple Hill ; and the Farmborough fault, of 
unknown extent, ranging east and west between Farmborough and 
Timsbury, which had stopped the development of the coalfield north- 
wards, so that not a single colliery now existed between it and 
Kingswood Hill. In the Gloucester end of the coalfield the pre- 
dominant disturbances were the Kingswood anticlinal, ranging 
eastward from Bristol to Wick ; the Sound well fault ranging parallel 
with it on its northern flank ; and the great 100 fathom fault running 
north and south through Parkfield basin. A notable circumstance 
connected with it was that the Coal measures north of the Kingswood 
anticlinal had evidently been raised to a higher level than those of 
Somerset, and they had suffered more from denudation, the Radstock 
series, if it ever existed there, having been washed away, greatly to 
Gloucester’s loss. 
T. a, W. GOULDING, PRINTERS AND STATIONERS, 6 NELSON STREET, BRISTOU 
