BOTANY. 
EXAMINATION PAPER, August 13, 1851. 
Hours — -from 10 a.m., till 6 p.m. 
1 . Translate the following passage from the “ PMlosophia Botaniea” — and 
bear in mind the principle therein conyeyed in the answers to the succeeding 
questions. 
“ Pulcliritudo artis brevitatem exposcit ; nara quo simplicius, eo etiam et melius, et stultum 
est facere per plura, quod fieri potest per pauciora : Natura etiam ipsa compendiosissima 
est in Omni sua actione.” 
2. Give an account of the various opinions respecting the fertilization of the 
ovule. 
3. Describe and give examples of the different positions of the ovule in 
the ovary. 
4. State the different methods of germination observable in the embryos 
of monocotyledenous and dicotyledenous plants. 
5. Show the analogy which exists between the stamen of phanerogamous 
plants, and the sporophyll in Cryptogamia. 
6. State the mode of reproduction in Ehizocarpese. 
7. Give examples of the, different kinds of placentation ; and state the various 
theories of Schleiden and others upon this subject. 
8. Describe and give examples of the various kinds of receptacle. 
•U 
9. Describe the various ways in which the fundamental structure of a flower 
may be disguised. 
10. Illustrate the fact — that the lower we descend in the scale of organiza- 
tion the more independence does the individual cell possess, and the greater 
number of functions does it exercise. 
1 1 . Define the following terms — Spora, Sporangium, Sporocarpium. 
12. Describe the albumen, and the substances or parts of plants which have 
been confounded with it by various botanists. 
13. Define and give examples of apocarpous, syncarpous, and aggregate hvits. 
14. Describe the changes which take place in the ovary, during the matura- 
tion of the seed, in the following — Artocarpus, Ficus, Bromelia, Magnolia, 
B,anunculus, and Pinus. 
15. Give the characters which distinguish — 
Anouaceae from 
Santalaceae 
Leguminosm 
Maguoliacese I 
Loranthacese / 
Rosacese 
Solanaceae V 
Berberidacese N 
Bignoniaceae I 
Scropbulariacea^ 
Sorophulariacca: 
Meuispermacea; 
Orobanchacea; 
Bignoniaceae 
16. The plants numbered 1 to «-are different species of one genus. 
Latin,^a c]iara 9 $er of the genus, and of each sp^cii^s. 
N. B. WARD. 
