PREFACE. 
word is alfo applied to any line of a different color that paffes from 
the bill over the eyes. 
Birds are deftitute of auricles , or external ears, having an ori- Ears. 
flee for admiffion of found, open in all, but Owls, whofe ears are 
furnilhed with valves. 
The chin, the fpace between the parts of the lower mandible Chin. 
and the neck, is generally covered with feathers ; but in the Cock, 
and fome others, have carneons appendages, called Wattles ( Pa- 
learia-J in others, is naked, and furnilhed with a Pouch, capable 
of great dilatation (Sacculus) as in the Pelican and Corvorants. 
( Collum ) the part that connects the head to the body, is longer Neck. 
in birds than any other animals ; and longer in fuch as have long 
legs than thofe that have Ihort, either for gathering up their meat 
from the ground, or Itriking their prey in the water, except in 
web-footed fowl, which are, by reverling their bodies, deltined to 
fearch for food at the bottom of waters, as Swans, and the like. 
Birds, efpecially thofe that have a long neck, have the power of 
jetra&ing, bending, or ftretching it out, in order to change their 
center of gravity from their legs to their wings. 
BODY. 
Consists of the Back (Dorfum) which is flat, ftrait, and in* Back;, 
dines, terminated by the 
(TJropygium) furnilhed with two glands, fecreting a fattilh liquor Ru mp. 
from an orifice with which each is furnilhed : and which the birds 
exprefs with their bills, to oil or anoint the difcompofed parts of their 
feathers. Thefe glands are particularly large in molt web-footed 
water-fowl ; but in the Grebes, which want tails, they arp fmaller. 
B 2 (Pefius) 
