48 
BRITISH APHIDES. 
§ II. BIBLIOGRAPHY OP APHIS. 
About the year 1690, in Delft, the celebrated ana- 
tomist and philosophical lens-grinder, Leuwenhoek, 
proved by his dissections that Aphides often contained 
within their bodies numerous young, more or less 
ready for birth. Peaumur subsequently noticed the 
same peculiarity, and stated that these insects did not 
follow the general mode of multiplication by means of 
ova. 
Reaumur, in his famous work on Insects, published 
in 1 737,^ treats at some length upon the family, and 
figures and describes, le Puceron de rosier^ le P, d’erable . 
de montagne (sycamore), le P. de tilleul (lime), le P. de ' 
saule (willow), and others. His interest was principally . 
excited by several of the species which formed false galls 
on various trees, and he particularly notices the habits 
of le Puceron de peuplier noir, le Puceron de lentisque, ) 
and le Puceron de terebinthe. He tells us that he found ; 
in some years considerable swellings on the bases 
of the elm leaves. Commonly they were of the size of 
hazel-nuts, but occasionally he discovered monstrosities 
which approached the size of a man’s fist. 
Geoffroy had before described these singular vege- 
table growths. He gathered them to compare with | 
‘Hes vessies ” brought, in his time, from China, to j 
heighten the colour of certain dyes then in vogue. On i 
opening these pseudo-galls he was greatly astonished j 
to find them tenanted by thousands of plant-lice. 
Savory previously had explained that the Turks ^ 
mixed with their red dyes varying proportions of a 
gall they called ^^bazgendges or baizonges.” The J 
scarlet they obtained from cochineal was thought to ; 
be heightened by such a mixture. Reaumur showed i 
‘ Memoires pour servir a THistoire des Insectes,’ tom. iii, mem. ix. j 
