KALTENBAOH. 
59 
same time. Thus, deposition of eggs takes place at tke 
seventh generation for some, at the ninth, or even at 
the eleventh, for others. Before this females only, in 
the state of larvm, are born.’’^ The error consists in 
the assertion that the oviparous female is winged. , 
This is denied by Professor Huxley, and it is also con- ( 
trary to the experience of Kyber, of Kaltenbach, and 
of Mr. Francis Walker. My own observations also 
lead me to the conclusion that in all the large section 
Aphidinee the oviparous female is strictly apterous. t 
The rule, however, does not obtain in the remote sec- 
tions ChermesincB and Pemphiginm, the former of which 
are not known to be viviparous at all. The males of 
the species comprised in these sections are at present 
unknown. Morren, later in his memoir, appears to / 
qualify his previous statement, however, for he says of / 
Aphis persicce, I have frequently seen that the winged 
and fertilisable female never contained eggs, and never 
laid them, but that she contained only little living 
Aphides.’’ 
Yon Siebold’s able memoirs appeared in 1839, and 
three years afterwards Steenstrup published his cele- ; 
bratedbook on the ‘Alternation of Generation,’ which, 
by treading on the ground of the doctrine of Partheno- 
genesis, has had such marked influence on the views of 
most modern physiologists. 
Professor Kaltenbach ’s excellent treatise, entitled 
‘Monographie der Familien der Pflanzenlause,’ appeared 
in 1843. In it he ranges Aphides into two great 
divisions, viz. those which have seven joints to their 
antennae and possess wings (Blattlause), and those 
which possess less than seven joints to their antennge, 
and which, as far as we know, are apterous (Erdlause). 
He subdivides these sections respectively into eight 
and into four genera, taking the wing-veining for a 
* Morren’s words are, “ Dans les circonstances ordinaires la femelle 
pond des oeufs lors qn’elle est ailee, et apres un accouplement avec le 
mMe, aile a la meme epoque, &c.” — Ann. des Sciences Naturelles,’ 1836, 
p. 76. 
f Vide, per contra, Prof. Owen’s ‘ Lectures on the Inver tebrata,’ 1843. 
