Nov., 1911 
RELATION OE BIRDS TO AN INSECT OUTBREAK 
205 
Before taking up a discussion of the influence of birds on the checking of this 
particular outbreak of insects, it is necessary that there be given some idea as to 
the bird population of the territory affected. A list of the species recognized with 
certainty by the writer during his stay at Sisson, August 20 to 25, inclusive, 1911, 
follows. 
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Iilonntaiii quail. Oreortyx picta plumifera. 
IMoiirning dove. T^enaidura macroura carolinensis. 
Turkey vulture. Cathartes aura septentrionalis. 
Western red-tailed hawk. Biiteo borealis caluriis. 
Sparrow hawk. Falco sparverius- 
Belted kingfisher. Ceryle alcyon. 
White-headed woodpecker. Xenopicus albolarvatus. 
Lewis woodpecker. Asyridesmus lewisi. 
Red-shafted flicker. Colaptes cafer coUaris. 
Pacific nighthawk. Chordeiles virginianus hesperis. 
Llumuiingbird. Species ? 
Western kingbird. Tyrannus verticalis. 
Say phoebe. Sayortiis sayus. 
Western flycatcher. Empidonax difficilis. 
Blue-fronted jay. Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis. 
Red-winged blackbinl. Agelaius phoeniceus, subspecies ? 
Western meadowlark. Siurnella neglecla. . 
Bullock oriole. Icterus bullocki. 
Brewer blackbird. Euphagus cyanoceplialus. 
Western evening grosbeak. Hesperiplwna vespertina montana. 
Cassin purple finch. Carpodacus cassini. 
Green-backed goldfinch. Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus. 
English sparrow. Passer domesticus. 
Western Savannah sparrow. Passerculus sandiuichensis alaudinus. 
Brewer sparrow. Spizella brezveri. 
Sierra junco. Junco hyeinalis thurberi. 
Mountain song sparrow. Melospiza melodia montana. 
Thick-billed fox sparrow. Passerella iliaca megarliyncha. 
.Spurred towhee. Pipilo maculatus megalonyx. 
Green-tailed towhee. Oreospiza clilorura. 
Lazuli bunting. Passerina ainoena. 
Western tanager. Piranga liidoviciana. 
Cliff swallow. Petrochelidon lunifrons. 
Western barn swallow. Hirundo erythrogastra. 
Violet-green swallow. Tachycineta tlialassina lepida. 
Western warbling vireo. Vireosylva gilva swainsoni. 
Calaveras warbler. Vermivora rubricapilla gutturalis. 
California yellow warbler. Dendroica aestiva breiusteri. 
Dipper or water-ouzel. Cinclus mexicanus unicolor. 
Western house wren. Troglodytes aedon parkmani. 
Red-breasted nuthatch. Sitta canadensis. 
Mountain chickadee. Pezithestes gambeli. 
California bxish-tit. Psaltriparus minimus californicus. 
Western robin. Planesticus migratorius propinquus. 
Western bluebird. Sialia mexicana occidcntalis. 
Brewer blackbirds, English sparrows and cliff swallows were the commonest 
birds found about the streets of the town. In the meadows, red-winged black- 
birds, Savannah sparrows and meadowlarks were the only birds seen in any num- 
bers. The red-wings were usually in flocks of several hundred, mostly juveniles. 
Wherever wild fruit was abundant robins and orioles could be found. In the 
brush green-tailed towhees were the commonest birds, but Calaveras warblers were 
also abundant. Only a few spurred towhees w^ere noted. Western house wrens w^ere 
more often’ heard than seen. Along the railroad tracks where the brush had been 
