May., 1902. I 
THE CONDOR 
69 
resembles in the smoky under parts and restricted areas of white on the wings, 
and from which it differs in its smaller size, much smaller feet, and clearer white 
markings of head. The present form is near true pvbescms the Southern States, 
but differs from it in having much less white on the wings, the coverts and tertials 
of pitbescens being conspicuously and often heavily marked with white. The fol- 
lowing table of measurements demonstrates the difference in size between tiu'ati 
and gairdneri. In the measurement of the feet, the posterior external or longest 
toe is taken as an index. 
turati: 
Wing. 
Tail. 
Longest 
Toe Less 
Claw. 
Longest Toe 
With Claw. 
Pasadena 
<5 
89. 
52. 
13. 
17 - 
‘ ‘ 
6 
92. 
54. 
12. 
16.5 
‘ ‘ 
88. 
55 - 
12.5 
17.5 
Sta. Barbara 
6 
86. 
52. 
12.5 
17. 
Pacific Grove 
3 
89. 
49. 
12 . 
16. 
Big Trees 
3 
88. 
54 - 
13. 
17. 
Palo Alto 
5 
91. 
54 - 
13.5 
18. 
Pasadena 
? 
88. 
50. 
12.5 
16. 
* ‘ 
? 
9a. 
54 - 
13. 
16.5 
Sta. Barbara 
? 
88. 
51- 
13. 
16. 
Mon terey 
? 
89. 
48 . 
12.5 
16. 
Pacific Grove 
? 
89. 
49. 
12. 
16. 
Palo Alto 
$ 
92. 
54 - 
13- 
r6. 
( ( 
? 
89. 
55 - 
12.5 
16.5 
Average, J 7 ? 9 
90. 
52.1 
12.64 
16.57 
gairdneri; 
Average, 6 $ S and 4 ? ? 
96.1 
60. 
14.25 
19-55 
The willow woodpecker in a typical form breeds from Eos iVngeles and San 
Bernardino counties north in the coast ranges to San Francisco Bay, and along 
the west slope of the Sierra Nevada at least to Yuba County. Intergradation 
with occuis over the coast region north of San Francisco Bay and in the 
mountains at the head of the Sacramento Valley. In California typical gah'dneri 
has been taken at Crescent City, and at Hornbrook, Siskiyou Co. vSpecimens 
from Mt. Shasta, Ft. Crook and Horse Cr., Siskiyou Mts , while not typical are 
near gairdjien. In winter these northern intermediate forms are likely to be taken 
farther south. 
In the National Museum collection are four birds from Quincy, Kernville and 
Ft. Tejon, which closely resemble the race of piibescens from the Rocky Mts. All 
are winter specimens and wanderers west of their breeding range. While they 
are close to the Batchelder woodpecker, they average smaller. On the other 
hand they differ from both turati awiS. gairdneri in having pure white underparts 
In 1863 Cabanis^ described Dryobates homorus from ‘'California,” designating a 
bird with pure white underparts. Mr. Ridgway^ had this fact in mind when he 
applied the name homorus to the Rocky Mt. race described by Mr. Batchelder3 as 
oreaecus. In 1852, or eleven years before Cabanis described homorus, Hartlaub4 
published a description of Picus leucurus from the Rocky Mountains saying that 
the form stood a^ar gairdneri but had a wholly white tail. The white tail un- 
I Mus. Hein. IV, 1863: 6.s—"D[ryobatesJ homorus Nob. * * Grosser als der typische nordlicher/?r 6 'a 7 Ef- 
«<?;'/ (Audiib.), mit grosseru deutlichern weissen Flecken auf den Ueckfedern und Tertiarschvviugen und mil 
weissUclier Unterseite (italics mine). * * * (Californien).” 
a Man. N. Am. Bds. ad ed. 1896, 597. A. O. U. Comm., Auk .XIV^ 1897, 126. 
3 Auk VI 1889, 253. 
4 Ueber einige nene oder wenige bekannte Vogel America’s. Aus brieflichen Mittheihingen des Herzogs Paul 
Wilhelm von Wurttemburg mitgetheilt und mit Anmerkungen versehen von Dr. G. Hartlaub. Naumannia II, part 2 
1852,55. “ ‘/Yckj Herz. V. Wurttemb. Steht dem Gairdneri .Audub. nahe. 6 Zoll lang mit ganz weisseiri 
Schwanz. Rocky Mountains. 1830’ (Jedenfalls nnbeschriebeu, H.)” 
