McAllister in 1958. Another lield in which the Museum has been 
partly involved was malacology, the study of molluscs. A large col- 
lection had been assembled, but it had been studied only by palaeon- 
tologists of the Geological Survey, In 1959 a full-time Malacologist, 
A. H. Clarke, Jr,, was appointed to the staff. A. W. F. Banfield, a 
mammalogist, succeeded Russell in 1957 as Chief Zoologist, With the 
addition of an Assistant Ornithologist, S. D. MacDonald, in 1959, 
and the filling of Cameron’s position as Mammalogist by P. M, 
Youngnian, the Zoology Section became the largest research unit 
in the Museum. 
A. E, Porsild, the Chief Botanist, was absent on diplomatic 
work during much of the Second World War. He returned to con- 
tinue his research on Canadian arctic and alpine floras. Additional 
botanists, H. J. Scoggan and W. K. W. Baldwin, were appointed in 
1947. These two botanists began extensive floristic studies in eastern 
and central Canada. Research in cryptogamic botany was begun with 
1. M. Lamb’s appointment in 1950; on his resignation he was 
replaced by H. A. Crum in 1954. 
In summary, the National Museum has had three periods of 
expansion in its research programme: the first, prior to the First 
World War, under Brock and McConnell; the second, in the late 
twenties under Collins; the third, following the Second World War, 
under Alcock and his successors. Of these, the last has been the 
most important, with the scientific staff built up to an all-time high, 
and the production of Museum publications larger than in either of 
the two preceding periods. 
24 
