data for a comprehensive work on Canadian mammals. Regret- 
tably, friction between these two able workers led to the setting 
up of a separate Ornithological Division under Taverner. His retire- 
ment in 1942 left the way open to reunite the zoological disciplines, 
and A. L. Rand, who succeeded him, did research on both birds 
and mammals. In botany, Malte made important studies on Cana- 
dian grasses and began research on the Arctic flora, but he died in 
1933. After an interval, A. E. Porsild, an authority on Arctic botany, 
was appointed as Museum Botanist. 
This second expansion of research was, unfortunately, slowed 
down by the depression of the thirties and was brought almost to a 
halt by the Second World War. A third period of expansion came 
after the War, and particularly after the appointment in 1947 of 
F. J. Alcock as Chief Curator of the Museum. To the renewed oppor- 
tunities for field work and publication was added the possibility of 
additions to the staff, not only to revive work in fields where it had 
lapsed, but also to enter new fields of research that were proper 
to a National Museum. During this period Barbeau expanded his 
work on French-Canadiao folklore, but after his retirement in 1948 
he began a series of monographs based on his studies of the West 
Coast Indians. His work in French Canada was continued by Marcel 
Rioux in social anthropology, and by Miss Carmen Roy on folklore 
and folk-music. Jenness was seconded to the Royal Canadian Air 
Force in 1942 and did not return to the Museum. For a time, 
aboriginal ethnology, which in Sapir’s day had been the most active 
field of research in the Museum, lapsed almost completely. Its resur- 
gence began in 1958 with the appointment of Asen Badikci to resume 
the study of the Eskimos. T. F. S. McFeat, who succeeded Rioux as 
Senior Ethnologist in 1959, began reorganizing the programme of 
Indian ethnology. Linguistics, Sapir’s speciality, again became an 
active subject of research when A. D. DeBlois joined the staff in 1960. 
A more analytical approach to aboriginal folk-music, as well as to 
that of European origin, became possible with the appointment in 
the same year of G. A. Proctor as Musicologist. 
Interest in archaeology had been kept alive by Douglas 
Leechman after the retirement of Smith and Wintemberg. Leechman 
worked mainly in British Columbia and Yukon Territory. In 1949 
he was joined by R. S. MacNeish, who began important investiga- 
tions of the archaeology of Ontario, Manitoba, and the Northwest 
Territories, The next year T. E. Lee joined the staff; he made import- 
ant archaeological discoveries in Ontario before his resignation in 
21 
