eo 
MAPS OP OUIAJfA. 
after the first voyaijc of Italeigli. It was Jodocus Hoiidius 
who, as early as the year 151)9, fixed the ideas of geogra- 
phers, and figured the interior of Spanish Guiana as a 
country well known. He transformed the isthmus between 
the Hio Branco and the Rio Rupnnuwini (one of the tribu- 
tary streams of the Essequibo) into the lake Suptmiuoini, 
Parima, or Dorado, two hundred leagues long, and forty 
broad, and bounded by the latitudes of 1“ 45' south, and 
2° north. This inland sea, larger than the Caspian, is some- 
times traced iii the midst of a mountainous country, without 
communication with any river ;* * * § and sometimes the Rio 
Oyapok (Waiapago, Japoe, Viapoco) and the Rio de Cayana 
are made to issue from it.t 'The first of these rivers, con- 
founded in the eighth article of the treaty of Uti-echt with 
the Rio de Vicente Pin 90 u (Rio Calsobne of B’Anville), has 
been, even down to the late congress of Vienna, the subject 
of interminable discussions between the Erench and Portu- 
guese diplomatists. J The second is an imaginary prolonga- 
tion cither of the Tonncgrande or of the Oyac (Wia?). 
The inland sea (laiguna Pamne) was at first placed in such 
a manner, that its western extremity coincided with the 
meridian of the confluence of the Apure and the Orinoco. 
By degrees it was advanced tow'ard the east,§ the western 
e.xtremity being found to the south of the mouth of the 
Orinoco. This change produced others in the respective 
situations of the lakes Parima and Cassipa, as well as in the 
direction of the course of the Orinoco. 'This great river is 
represented as running, from its do'lta as far as beyond the 
* See, for instance, Ilondius, Nievwe Caerte van fict goudrycke landt 
Gidana, 1599; and Sanson'a Map of America, in IdaO and 1609. 
+ Brasilia ct Carihavn, auct. llomlio et Huelseii, 1599. 
X I have treated this question in a Mitnoire suv la fixation des limiter 
de la Gnyane Fi'avfaise, written at tiie desire of the 1‘ortuguese govern- 
ment durinij the negotiations of Paris in 1817. (See Schoell^ Arekives 
potit.y or Piives in6ditc8, vol. i, p. 48 — 58.) Ribeyro, in his celebrateil 
map of the world of 1521*, places the Rio de Vicente Pin 9 on south of the 
Amazon, near the Gulf of Maranliao. This navigator landed at this 
spot, after having been at Cape Saint Augustin, and before he reached 
the mouth of the Amazon, (/ierm’a, dec. I, p. 107.) The narrative of 
Gomara, Hist. Nat., 1553, p. 48, is very confused in a geographical point 
of view. 
§ Compare the maps of 1599 with those of Sanson (1656) and Ot 
Blaeuw (1638). 
