LINES or ELEVATION. 
353 
Aiidps, comprises in America, over a long and narrow zone 
of 3000 leagues, all the summits exceeding 1400 toises high. 
In Europe, on the contrary, even considering the Alps and 
the Pvrenees as one sole line of elevation, we still find 
summits far from this line or principal ridge, in the Sierra 
Nevada of G-reiiada, Sicily, G-reece, the Apennines, perhaps 
also in Portugal, from 1500 to 1800 toises high.* The 
contrast between America and Europe, with respect to dis- 
ti’ibution of the culminant points, which attain from 1300 to 
1500 toises, is the more striking, as the low eastern moun- 
tains of South America, of which the maximum of elevation 
is only from 1 300 to 1400 toises, are situated beside a Cor- 
dillera of which the mean height exceeds 1800 toises, while 
the secondary system of the mountains of Europe rises to 
maxima of elevation of 1500 to 1800 toises, near a principal 
chain of at least 1200 toises of average height. 
MAXIMA OF THE LINE OF ELEVATION IN THE SAME 
PARALLELS. 
Amies of Chile, Up|ier Peru. Knots 
of the mountains of Porco and 
Cuzco, 2500 toises. 
Andes of Popayan and Cundina- 
inarca. ChauiofGuacas, Quindiu, 
and Antioquia. More than 2800 
toises. 
Insulated group of the Snowy 
Mountains of Santa Marta. It 
is believed to be 3000 toises high. 
Volcanic Andes of Guatiniala, and 
primitive Andes of Oaxaca, from 
1700 to 1800 toises. 
Andes of New Mexico and Upper 
Louisiana (Rocky Mountains) and 
further west. The Maritime .-tips 
of New Albion, 1600 to 1900 
toises. 
Group of the Brazil Mountains; a 
little lower than the Cevenues j 
900 to 1000 toises. 
Group of Parime Mountains ; little 
lower th.m the Carpathians ; 1300 
toises. 
Littoral Chain of Venezuela ; 80 toises 
lower than the Scandinavian Alps; 
1350 toises 
Group of the West Indies ,170 toises 
higher than the mountains of 
Auvergne, 1140 toises. 
Chain of the Alleghanies ; 160 
toises higher than the chains of 
Jura and the Gates of Malabar; 
1040 toises. 
* Culminant points; Malharen of Grenada, 1826 toises; Etna, 
according to Captain William Henry Smith, 1700 toises; Monte Corno of 
the Appenines, 1489 toises. If Mount Tomoros in Greece and the Serra 
Gaviarra of Portugal, enter, as is alleged, into the limit of perpetual snow, 
those summits, according to their position in latitude, should attain from 
voi- in. 2 A 
