36 
THE farmer’s manual. 
guard against cattle, and to raise the head of youi’ 
tree, so as to admit the sun and air, as free as possi- 
ble, upon your undergrowth, whatever it may be ; it 
will also improve your fruit, both in size, and quan- 
tity. Mr. Forsythe recommends heading down large 
bearing trees, to change 'their fruit by grafting ; this 
will sometimes answer; but 1 have suffered severely 
in the loss of thrifty, full bearing trees, of 10 or 15 
inches over, in obedience to Mr. Forsythe, ami can- 
not recommend the practice, unless you graft your 
tree partially, the 1st, 2d and 3d years, until you -have 
accomplished your purpose ; and I can say, that even 
this is not always safe. 
Guard your orchards carefully against the nest- 
worms, at this season ; and if you discover any of 
your fruit-trees to be unthrifty, or hide-bound, slit the 
bark with the point of your penknife, upon 4 sides, 
through the outer, but not through the irmer bark, 
(particularly stone-fruit, which will destroy your 
trees,) from the ground up, as high as you can reach, 
and dress with a corn-basket full of chip dung, about 
the roots, and near to the trunk of the tree, you will 
soon perceive the good effects. 
Open, and ventilate your cellars, and clear them 
out for the season, and rinse clean, and bung tight all 
such ciiler-casks, as you wish to preserve sweet in 
your cellars over the summer, and free from must. 
Weeds. 
These are our common enemy, and nature has ar- 
rayed a host against us, consisting of more than fifty 
different nations of weeds, as marauders, to destroy 
our labours, and rob us of our crops. They enter 
our gardens and corn-fields unobserved, by night, 
and by day ; they pillage, waste and destroy, more 
of our [iroperty than all the rest of our enemies, ex- 
cepting rum and tobacco. Let us set our faces 
against them, watch them close, and extirpate the 
