140 
THE farmer’s manual. 
again the third year to root out the grass. If you 
set a fresh bed every year, either in August, or in 
autumn, you may always have this fruit in high per- 
fection. Plant such peach-stones as you wish to pro- 
pagate, and where you choose to have the trees grow. 
Transplant all such vines and trees as you wish to re- 
move, and secure them\jvith stakes. 
Ploughing. 
If you have been accustomed to till a rich garden 
mould under a shallow ploughing, now is the time to 
begin to correct the error. 
rut in your plough, and turn up your garden to the 
depth of 8, 10, or 12 inches, and give the dead earth 
you turn up a dressing of your best manure, well 
spread and mixed with the earth by the harrow. In 
the month of April, turn in with the plough this manure 
to the same depth you ploughed in autumn, or whiter, 
and no deeper. Your rich mould will again appear 
upon the surface, ready for tillage. Repeat this pro- 
cess again at autumn, and you will, in a few years, have 
a deep rich mould, equal to the original surface, which 
will give you nearly double your former crops, csjle- 
cially in dry seasons, and only with the expense of 
one extra ploughing in autumn. If your soil is light, 
and you wish to push it into a state for high cultiva- 
tion, you may dress the surface (after the spring 
ploughing) with live, or leached ashes, or plaster, and 
harrow the ground until it is well mixed; or you may 
spread on a coat of rich manure, and cover it lightly 
with the- plough, and then go on to till either with or 
without your top dressing, as before. This process 
will soon make poor land rich. 
