THE FAEMEr’s manual. 
at the same time ; all these have been considered 
under the chapters, Diseases of Bees, and Enemies of 
Bees. Many Apiarians, as well as common people, 
believe, that cold is an occasion of the mortality of 
Bees ; but this is true only in a limited sense ; and it 
is found from the nicest observations, that more Bees 
die, in proportion, in warm, than in cold climates. 
The Bee flourishes well in Siberia, and throughout 
Russia ; and where the summers are short, and the 
winters long, the almost torpid state of the Bee dur- 
ing winter, renders him incapable of devouring much 
food, and yet they seldom if ever perish with frost, 
in their hives. The woods of Russia are known to 
abound with Bees, and the peasants have honey from 
the forests in great plenty, and always at their com- 
mand. 
Travels in Lapland, by a Swedish officer who ac- 
companied the French Academicians, who went out 
to measure the length of a degree at the Pole, stales, 
that “ in these countries contiguous to the Pole, there 
are three months continual night in winter, and the 
cold is so intense that spirits of wine will freeze in 
the thermometer : when the door of a room i® or,"" 
ed, the exterior air converts the vapour immediately 
into snow. In summer, there are three months con- 
tinual day, and we are so annoyed with Bees and flies 
of all kinds, that we are obliged to burn green wood 
to occasion a smoke R) drive them away.” A sum- 
mer of three months perpetual day gives the Bees an 
advantage for laying in stores, which may always be 
sufficient for food for their long winters, under their 
torpid state, and the natural heat of the swarms, sufi- 
cient to preserve them from freezing to death. Mr. 
Huish states, that he measured the atmosphere in the 
hard winter of 1814 with the thermometer, when the 
cold was 20 degrees below freezing point, and then 
placed the thermometer within his bee-hives, and 
found the temperature 20 degrees above it, making a 
diflerenre of 40 degrees. This proved to his satis- 
