26 
THE CONDOR 
| Vor,. VIII 
sprcies leave long before the regular fall migration. I believe this bolds for tbe 
whole Columbian Plateau. The robin is especially affected, and the Cassin finch 
not at all. 
I have distinguished a difference between the “phoebe” calls of the chickadee 
and mountain chickadee. Here the chickadee gives but one “phoe” note, altho 
there may be one or two of the “be” notes. The mountain chickadee, however, 
gives two “phoe” notes, which may be followed by one or two of the “be” notes- 
Doubtless exceptions occur, but I have not heard them. 
I have noticed six cripples among birds during the twenty-two months. A 
mallard duck was brought to me with a bill once injured probably by a gunshot or 
barbwire, which had entirely healed; but the tongue was torn so that it hung 
down at the base of the bill. The bird was extremely emaciated and was doubt- 
less starving. A lazuli bunting had an injured wing, which, tho there was lit) 
fresh wound, prevented the bird from flying more than short distances. A one- 
legged killdeer hopped successfully on one foot. Three crippled Brewer black- 
birds were seen in the flock which frequents the town feed lot in the fall after most 
of the others had gone south. This rather large number is to be explained, I 
think, by segregation, since they found picking up the scattered seed better 
suited to their capacities than the varied actions of the large flocks assembling for 
the migration. One of these had a crooked leg, another had no foot and only a 
part of the shank, and the third evidently had a compound fracture of the ‘‘thigh.” 
The first two were seen for some time, but as the last was observed only once, it 
probably soon died. I am convinced from these observations and others that 
there is little competition for food among birds of the same species here, but that 
the principal cause of deatli among them are enemies and the physical environment. 
In this list of birds, the dates, when given, are the mean dates of arrival for 
the years ’04 and ’05. They are not given when observations were too few to 
make the date significant. 
PERMANENT RESIDENTS 
Colinus virginianus. Bob-white. Introduced. 
Bonasa umbellus togata. Canadian Ruffed Grouse. 
Pedioecetes phasianellus columbianus. Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse. 
Buteo borealis calurus. Western Red-tailed Haw k. 
Megascops asio subsp? Screech Owl. 
Bubo virginianus saturatus. Dusky Horned Owl. 
Surnia ulula caparoch. American Hawk Owl. 
Colaptes cafer collaris. Red shafted Flicker. 
Pica pica hudsonica. Black-billed Magpie. 
Cyanocitta stelleri annectens. Black-headed Jay. Irregular. 
Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis. San Diego Red-wing. 
Astragalinus tristis pallidus. Pale Goldfinch. 
Melospiza cinerea merrilli. Merrill Song Sparrow. 
Olbiorchilus hiemalis pacificus. Western Winter Wren. Rare. 
Parus atricapillus. Chickadee. 
Sitta pygmaea. Pygmy Nuthatch. 
WINTER VISITANTS 
Dryobates villosus monticola. Rocky Mountain Hairy Woodpecker. Rare. 
Xenopicus albolarvatus. White-headed Woodpecker. Rare. 
Otocoris alpestris arcticola. Pallid Horned Lark. Rare. 
