36 
Transactions Texas Academy of Science. 
the anus is probably a primitive condition, as the relations in Cnemi- 
dophorus would indicate, where the connective tissue continuation 
would represent the capsule from which the tubules had withdrawn. 
Whether smoothness of outline or lobulation in the more primitive 
condition in lizards, remains to be determined. 
All the examined species are oviparous, so that there are no second- 
ary modifications such as uteri. Yet there are on the whole greater 
differences between the female organs than between the male, show- 
ing that in this regard the male is more conservative. The Iguanidae 
from the standpoint of the female reproductive organs would appear 
less specialized than the other families, in that the former have neither 
a union of the oviducts nor a well developed sphincter muscle of the 
oviducts ; the Iguanidae also lack the urinary bladder. 
Too few genera have been examined to permit further generaliza- 
tions. But a wider comparison of numerous forms would undoubt- 
edly serve to correct a classification that is too largely based upon 
skeletal characters. For as Lereboullet, the author of the admirable 
monograph upon the Lizard, sagaciously concluded, no one single 
organ system should be the whole basis of a scheme of classification. 
III. LITERATURE ON THE ANATOMY OF THE INTERNAL 
UROGENITAL ORGANS OF LIZARDS. 
Bedriaga, J. v.. (1847). — Amphisbaena cinerea, und A. Strauchi v. 
Bedriaga, Erster Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Doppelschleichen. Arch 
Naturg., 50. 
Braun, M. (1877). — Das Urogenital system der einheimishen Rep- 
tilien. Arbeit, zool. zoot. Wien. Inst. IY. 
Braun, M. (1879). — Bau und Entwickelung der Nebenniere. ibid 5. 
Budge, — . (1875). — Ueber die Harnrecevoir der Wirblethiere. 
Mitth. naturw. Yerein. Neu-Yorpommern und Rugen. 7. 
Coe, W. R. & Kunkle, B. W. (1904). — The Reproductive Organs of 
the legless Lizard, Anniella. Amer. Nat. 38. 
Cope, E. D. (1900). — The Crocodiles, Lizards, and Snakes of North 
America. Report of U. S. Nat. Museum. 
Disselhorst, R. (1894). — Der Harnleiter der Wirbelthiere. Anat. 
Heft. 1, Abth. 4. 
Duvernoy, t — . (1851). — Fragments sur les organs genito-urinairs 
des Reptiles et de leurs produits. Acad, Sc. Paris 11. 
Gadow, H. (1887). — Remarks on the Cloaca and Copulatory Or- 
gans of the Amniota. Phil. Tr. CLXXYIII. 
Hellmuth, K. (1874). — Morphologische Studien uber Cloaca und 
Phallus der Amnioten — Die Schildkroten und Krokodilien. Morph. 
Jahr. 30. 
