Influence of Science Upon German Literature. 
63 
Nietzsche considered the world as will and image (Bild). The never- 
satisfied will is for him also the source of all torment. Only the 
tragic man is the true teacher of men, therefore, Schopenhauer is the 
best teacher (see Schopernhauer als Ezieher). Only the tragic ar- 
tist furnishes really comforting art, therefore, Wagner is the best 
artist. But Nietzsche was a classic scholar, and Wagner a national 
German, hence, they soon parted company. Darwin interested him 
with his "Survival of the Fittest,” and his "Natural Selection” 
theory, while Schopenhauer’s "Wille zum Leben” became "Nietzsche’s 
Wille zur Macht. The conflict of powers and wills is to Nietzche the 
struggle for life. This is the Schopenhauerian Willenslehre under 
the influence of Darwin’s "Survival of the Fittest.” In this con- 
flict Nietzsche overcame the Schopenhauerian pessimism in his own 
nature and drove it from its stronghold in the nation. The funda- 
mental principle of Nietzsche is, therefore, the positive application of 
Schopenhauer’s doctrine of the Will under the influence of Darwin, 
which accounts for his anti-pessimism in his second period. From 
the same source come his anti-religious views. Schopenhauer was 
not so unfriendly to religion, nor were the other philosophers. 
Nietzsche considered the religion of Christ a curse to mankind. Its 
pessimism, its compassion for the weak, its protection to the weak, 
its sentimentality, its fetters for the strong, he considered a hindrance 
to the free development of man. Hence comes his Herren-moral and 
Sklaven-moral or morality for the strong and morality for the weak. 
Hence his revaluation of Good and Bad. Good is whatever the strong 
man does, and Bad is whatever the weak man does. The strong man 
can never be bad and the weak man can never be good. Of course, 
with such views he was anti-democratic. The weak have no rights, 
the strong are always right. Darwin, again in his ‘ ‘ Survival of the 
Fittest,” Aristocrat vs. Democrat. This includes the view that wo- 
man, as the weaker vessel, is subject to man, and has no rights. He 
subordinates intellect to will, as Hegel. The weaker shall not be 
cared for. Let nature kill them. Death to the weak. A hard doc- 
trine, but the logical result of theories advanced by others. 
He takes his Uebermensch from Goethe, who had it from Herder, 
and uses it in two senses : 1. The representative of superior men 
in the past, Alexander, Caesar, Augustus, Charlemagne, Cesare Bor- 
gia, Napoleon. 2. The modern Uebermensch, whom selection and 
heredity shall produce, according to the Darwinian theory of selec- 
tion. He himself is one, J. J. Rousseau another, and we add Goethe, 
Byron, Roosevelt. 
According to this view, the masess can never attain to new valua- 
