251 
to the consistency of paint,” With this lie 
anoints the whole tree at the time of training, 
in the winter or early spring' months. 
The following- Recipe was obtained from an 
old experienced Russian gardener, by Mr. Cale, 
which he communicated in the Caledonian Hor- 
ticultural Transactions. “ Take one quart of 
w'atky, (a Russian spirit, prepared from the dis- 
tillation of Rye, and resembling in every respect 
the whisky of Scotland), two pounds of powdered 
sulphur, two ounces of copperas, and a small 
quantity of camphor, dissolve first the camphor, 
reduced to powder, gradually in the spirit, then 
dissolve also the copperas in it, then rub in gra- 
dually the powdered sulphur in the solution, when 
the whole will form a Mixture of a thickish con- 
sistence.” The above is applied with a brush at 
the winter or early spring pruning over the 
whole tree. 
Kirk, (Caledonian Horticultural Transac- 
tions), Gardener at Smeaton, says, “ when 
I got the charge of these trees, twenty-one years 
ago, they were over-run with Mildew, and in a 
vei'y unhealthy state, insomuch that most of them 
were to appearance not worth keeping. I examin- 
ed the earth about the roots, and found that the soil, 
having been much exhausted, a great quantity of 
dung' had been given. I took this old soil wholly 
away, and put fresh soil, procured from a very old 
pasture, to the roots of the tree, without any dung, 
always exercising the greatest care possible not 
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