257 
thors, will be found at all useful. At any rate 
neither the sulphur, soap suds, lime, nor urine> 
has a proper effect to eradicate it, when applied 
in a diseased state. If any one of them is at all 
useful, it will be, on being applied at the time of 
the winter or early spring training, as described by 
Scougal, Hay, Cale, or perhaps at the time Har- 
rison recommended, just before the expanding of 
the blossom. Those latter processes I have not 
been able to prove by experience, thei’efore I 
cannot speak of their efficacy, but I think the 
best preventive will be that of choosing jiroper 
soil and culture. 
In the first place, if it is necessary, that is, if 
the soil be of a wet, cold, clayey nature, steps 
should be taken to put it in a proper state, in the 
manner that Forsyth, Harrison, and others direct. 
Perhaps it may be proper briefly to give a few hints 
as to the mode that should be adopted. 
First, a trench must be made across the border 
or plot, say three or four feet wide, and to such a 
depth that it will admit of from 20 to 24 inches deep 
of 2 ’ 1 'oper soil. At the bottom of M’hich a drain 
must be formed, about five or six inches deep, 
and about the same width, which must be filled 
with stones or gravel, two or three inches above 
the top of the drain. The remainder of the trench 
is to be covered over with stones, gravel, brick 
rubbish, or it may be paved with brick, or 
small pieces of flags, to about the level of those 
stones forming the drain. The whole is then to 
